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Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

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These are exposure studies associated with the chemical and all of its children.

	Reference	Associated Study Title	Author's Summary	Study Factors	Stressor	Receptors	Country	Medium	Exposure Marker	Measurements	Outcome
1.	Vested A, et al. (2014).		The objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) during pregnancy are associated with son's semen quality and reproductive hormone levels.		2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl | 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl | 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl | 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl | 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | PCB 180 | Polychlorinated Biphenyls	Mothers | Study subjects	Denmark	semen | serum	2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl | 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl | 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl | 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl | 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Estradiol | FSHB | INHBB | LHB | PCB 180 | SHBG | Testosterone	Details	spermatogenesis | sperm motility
2.	Fénichel P, et al. (2012).		The presence of unconjugated bisphenol A in all cord blood samples suggests placental transfer and fetal exposure.		Androstenedione | bisphenol A | Estradiol | Estriol | Estrone | Testosterone	Controls for disease:Cryptorchidism | Subjects with disease:Cryptorchidism | Infants or newborns	France	blood, cord	Androstenedione | bisphenol A | Estradiol | Estriol | Estrone | Testosterone	Details
3.	Lassen TH, et al. (2014).		We found that 98% of young men from the general population had detectable urinary levels of bisphenol A, and this was associated with altered levels of reproductive hormones and decreased motile spermatozoa.		bisphenol A	Study subjects	Denmark	serum | urine	bisphenol A | Estradiol | LHB | Testosterone	Details	estradiol secretion | luteinizing hormone secretion | sperm motility | testosterone biosynthetic process | testosterone secretion
4.	Omoruyi IM, et al. (2014).		In this study, we investigated the presence of mutagens and chemicals exhibiting estrogenic activity in the daily diet of Nigerians, using in vitro assays.		bisphenol A | Estradiol		Nigeria	water	bisphenol A | Estradiol	Details
5.	Ihde ES, et al. (2015).		Endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals were detected in all children in the study, with measurable levels of 4-nonylphenol in nearly one third of subjects; this is the first known published study of 4-nonylphenol levels in American children; no associations were found between the urine levels of these chemicals tested and estrogen metabolites.		Endocrine Disruptors	Children	United States	urine	16-hydroxyestrone | 2-hydroxyestradiol | 2-hydroxyestrone | 2-methoxyestrone | 4-hydroxyestrone-4-methyl ether | 4-hydroxyestrone | 4-nonylphenol | bisphenol A | butylparaben | Estrogens | ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate | methylparaben | mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate | mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate | mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | monoethyl phthalate | propylparaben | Triclosan	Details	estrogen metabolic process
6.	Caldwell DJ, et al. (2010).		The consistently large margins of exposure and margins of safety strongly suggest that prescribed and total estrogens that may potentially be present in drinking water in the United States are not causing adverse effects in residents, including sensitive subpopulations.		Estrogens	Children | Study subjects	United States	water, drinking	Estradiol | Estriol | Estrogens | Estrone | Ethinyl Estradiol	Details
7.	Lopez-Espinosa MJ, et al. (2016).	C8 Health Project (C8HP)	We found serum perfluoroalkyl substances concentrations to be associated with lower levels of sex hormones and IGF-1 in children aged 6-9 years.		Fluorocarbons | perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | perfluorononanoic acid | perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | perfluorooctanoic acid	Children	United States	serum	Estradiol | IGF1 | perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | perfluorononanoic acid | perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | perfluorooctanoic acid | Testosterone	Details	estradiol secretion | gene expression | testosterone secretion
8.	Giwercman AH, et al. (2006).		Gonadotropin levels and sex hormone-binding globulin seem to be affected by persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure, but the pattern of endocrine response is the subject of considerable geographic variation.		Hydrocarbons, Halogenated	Study subjects	Greenland|Poland| Sweden|Ukraine	serum	2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Estradiol | FSHB | INHBB | LHB | Testosterone	Details
9.	Sancini A, et al. (2014).		Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (a biomarker for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) was measured in non-smoker male workers and was related to an increase in plasma estradiol; we believe that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.		Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	Workers	Italy	plasma | urine	1-hydroxypyrene | Estradiol	Details