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Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

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These are exposure studies associated with the chemical and all of its children.

	Reference	Associated Study Title	Author's Summary	Study Factors	Stressor	Receptors	Country	Medium	Exposure Marker	Measurements	Outcome
1.	Bergauff MA, et al. (2010).		These studies suggest that diet is a major factor in determining urinary levoglucosan levels and recent dietary history needs to be taken into account for future work involving levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke exposure.	diet	1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose | Particulate Matter	Study subjects	United States	urine	1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose | Particulate Matter	Details
2.	Peng C, et al. (2016).	Normative Aging Study (NAS)	Among nondiabetics, short and medium-term exposures to PM2.5 particulate matter were associated with higher fasting blood glucose levels, and part of this association was mediated by ICAM1 gene promoter methylation.		Air Pollutants | Particulate Matter	Controls for disease:Diabetes Mellitus	United States	air, ambient | blood | blood buffy coat	Blood Glucose | ICAM1 | Particulate Matter	Details	glucose homeostasis
3.	Adetona O, et al. (2017).		In this study, we assessed occupational exposure to wildland fire smoke in wildland firefighters by measuring the urinary concentrations of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; our results suggest that hydroxylated PAHs (especially 4-hydroxyphenanthrene) may be useful biomarkers of wildland fire smoke exposure.		Air Pollutants, Occupational | Smoke	Workers	United States	air, ambient | urine	1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose | 1-hydroxyphenanthrene | 1-hydroxypyrene | 1-naphthol | 2-hydroxyfluorene | 2-naphthol | 4-hydroxyphenanthrene | Carbon Monoxide | Particulate Matter | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	Details
4.	Kelishadi R, et al. (2013).	Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Noncommunicable disease (CASPIAN)	Cadmium levels were considerably high in adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, and levels had positive but nonsignificant association with some cardiometabolic risk factors and liver enzymes; the associations did not reach statistical significance, perhaps due to high levels of cadmium in both groups or because of the young age of participants.		Cadmium	Children | Controls for disease:Metabolic Syndrome | Subjects with disease:Metabolic Syndrome	Iran, Islamic Republic of	blood | serum	Blood Glucose | Cadmium | Cholesterol, HDL | Cholesterol, LDL | GOT1 | GPT | Triglycerides	Details	Metabolic Syndrome
5.	He K, et al. (2013).	Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study	Our results provide longitudinal human data suggesting that people with high mercury exposure in young adulthood may have elevated risk of diabetes later in life.		Mercury	Study subjects	United States	nail, toe | plasma	Blood Glucose | INS | Mercury	Details	Diabetes Mellitus | regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
6.	Migliaccio CT, et al. (2009).		These results demonstrate that levoglucosan in the lungs is detectable in the urine of both mice and humans and that it is a good candidate as a biomarker of exposure to biomass smoke.		Particulate Matter | Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Children	United States	air | urine	1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose | Cotinine | Particulate Matter	Details