| 1. |
Loh MM, et al. (2007).
|
|
In this study we compared cancer risks from organic hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) based on total personal exposure summed across different microenvironments and exposure pathways. |
|
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1,3-butadiene
| 1,3-dichloro-1-propene
| 4-dichlorobenzene
| Acetaldehyde
| anthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| Carbon Tetrachloride
| Chloroform
| chrysene
| Dioxins
| Ethylene Dibromide
| ethylene dichloride
| fluoranthene
| Formaldehyde
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Methylene Chloride
| naphthalene
| phenanthrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
| Tetrachloroethylene
| Trichloroethylene
| Vinyl Chloride
|
Study subjects |
United States |
|
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1,3-butadiene
| 1,3-dichloro-1-propene
| 4-dichlorobenzene
| Acetaldehyde
| anthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| Carbon Tetrachloride
| Chloroform
| chrysene
| Dioxins
| Ethylene Dibromide
| ethylene dichloride
| fluoranthene
| Formaldehyde
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Methylene Chloride
| naphthalene
| phenanthrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
| Tetrachloroethylene
| Trichloroethylene
| Vinyl Chloride
|
Details
|
Neoplasms
|
| 2. |
Aquilina NJ, et al. (2010).
|
Measurement and Modelling of Air Toxic Concentrations for Health Effect Studies Project (MATCH) |
The objective of this study was to analyse environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in urine samples of non-occupationally exposed non-smoker adult subjects and to establish relationships between airborne exposures and urinary concentrations in order to assess the suitability of the studied metabolites as biomarkers of PAH and ETS, study the use of 3-ethenypyridine as ETS tracer, and link ETS scenarios with exposures to carcinogenic PAH and volatile organic compounds. |
tobacco |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1,3-butadiene
| 1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 3-vinylpyridine
| acenaphthene
| acenaphthylene
| anthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| coronene
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| hydroxycotinine
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| naphthalene
| Nicotine
| phenanthrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
|
Study subjects |
United Kingdom |
urine |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1,3-butadiene
| 1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 3-vinylpyridine
| acenaphthene
| acenaphthylene
| anthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| coronene
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| hydroxycotinine
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| naphthalene
| Nicotine
| phenanthrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
|
Details
|
|
| 3. |
Choi H, et al. (2008).
|
|
Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is likely to contribute to the occurrence of small size for gestational age as well as preterm births among African Americans. |
|
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Pregnant females |
United States |
air |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Details
|
Fetal Growth Retardation
| Premature Birth
| Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
|
| 4. |
Tonne CC, et al. (2004).
|
|
In this study, we examined levels of exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tested for associations with potential predictor variables collected from questionnaires addressing socioeconomic factors and day-to-day activities during pregnancy as well as activities and environmental exposures during the 48-hr monitoring period. |
|
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
|
Pregnant females |
Croatia|France|
Italy|United States |
|
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
|
Details
|
|
| 5. |
Dodson RE, et al. (2015).
|
California Household Exposure Study (CAHES) |
We collected house dust and indoor air samples in 49 California homes and analyzed for 76 semivolatile organic compounds-phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. |
|
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1-methylphenanthrene
| 1-nitropyrene
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2-methylphenanthrene
| 2-phenylphenol
| 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
| 4-nitrotoluene
| acenaphthene
| acenaphthylene
| alachlor
| Aldrin
| anthracene
| Atrazine
| bendiocarb
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(j)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| benzothiophene
| butylbenzyl phthalate
| Carbaryl
| Carbofuran
| Chlordan
| Chlorpyrifos
| chrysene
| cyanazine
| cypermethrin
| DDT
| Diazinon
| dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
| dibenzothiophene
| Dibutyl Phthalate
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Dicofol
| dicyclohexyl phthalate
| Dieldrin
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| diethyl phthalate
| diisobutyl phthalate
| di-n-hexyl phthalate
| di-n-octyl phthalate
| di-n-pentyl phthalate
| di-n-propylphthalate
| dioctyl adipate
| Endrin
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| Heptachlor
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Lindane
| Malathion
| Methoxychlor
| Methyl Parathion
| metolachlor
| nitrofen
| Parathion
| pentabromodiphenyl ether
| Permethrin
| phenanthrene
| Phenanthrenes
| Piperonyl Butoxide
| prometone
| Propoxur
| pyrene
| Simazine
| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
| Trifluralin
| tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
|
|
United States |
dust |
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1-methylphenanthrene
| 1-nitropyrene
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2-methylphenanthrene
| 2-phenylphenol
| 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
| 4-nitrotoluene
| acenaphthene
| acenaphthylene
| alachlor
| Aldrin
| anthracene
| Atrazine
| bendiocarb
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(j)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| benzothiophene
| butylbenzyl phthalate
| Carbaryl
| Carbofuran
| Chlordan
| Chlorpyrifos
| chrysene
| cyanazine
| cypermethrin
| DDT
| Diazinon
| dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
| dibenzothiophene
| Dibutyl Phthalate
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Dicofol
| dicyclohexyl phthalate
| Dieldrin
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| diethyl phthalate
| diisobutyl phthalate
| di-n-hexyl phthalate
| di-n-octyl phthalate
| di-n-pentyl phthalate
| di-n-propylphthalate
| dioctyl adipate
| Endrin
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| Heptachlor
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Lindane
| Malathion
| Methoxychlor
| Methyl Parathion
| metolachlor
| nitrofen
| Parathion
| pentabromodiphenyl ether
| Permethrin
| phenanthrene
| Phenanthrenes
| Piperonyl Butoxide
| prometone
| Propoxur
| pyrene
| Simazine
| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
| Trifluralin
| tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
|
Details
|
|
| 6. |
Yang B, et al. (2016).
|
|
Our results indicated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure was associated with plasma cytokines, and higher cytokines were associated with decreased heart rate variability, but additional human and potential mechanistic studies are needed. |
|
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 1-naphthol
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 9-phenanthrol
| fluoren-9-ol
| Phenanthrenes
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Workers |
China |
urine |
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 1-naphthol
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 9-phenanthrol
| ALCAM
| BDNF
| CRP
| fluoren-9-ol
| Phenanthrenes
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Details
|
Cardiovascular Diseases
| gene expression
|
| 7. |
Brody JG, et al. (2009).
|
Northern California Household Exposure Study |
In this study, we found that cumulative air pollution burdens were more pronounced indoors than outdoors in an urban industrial environmental justice community in comparison with a rural community. |
|
1-methylphenanthrene
| 2-methylphenanthrene
| 2-phenylphenol
| acenaphthene
| Aluminum
| Ammonia
| Calcium
| Carbon
| Copper
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| dioctyl adipate
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| Iron
| Lead
| Manganese
| Nitrates
| Particulate Matter
| phenanthrene
| Potassium
| pyrene
| Sulfates
| Vanadium
|
|
United States |
air, indoor | air, outdoor |
1-methylphenanthrene
| 2-methylphenanthrene
| 2-phenylphenol
| acenaphthene
| Aluminum
| Ammonia
| Calcium
| Carbon
| Copper
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| dioctyl adipate
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| Iron
| Lead
| Manganese
| Nitrates
| Particulate Matter
| phenanthrene
| Potassium
| pyrene
| Sulfates
| Vanadium
|
Details
|
|
| 8. |
Jung KH, et al. (2014).
|
Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) |
Obese young children may be more likely to develop asthma in association with greater exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and methylphenanthrenes in particular, than non-obese children. |
body mass index | disease | sex |
1-methylphenanthrene
| 2-methylphenanthrene
| phenanthrene
| pyrene
|
Children | Controls for disease:Obesity
| Subjects with disease:Obesity
|
United States |
air |
1-methylphenanthrene
| 2-methylphenanthrene
| phenanthrene
| pyrene
|
Details
|
Asthma
|
| 9. |
Kioumourtzoglou MA, et al. (2013).
|
Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES) |
Results suggest that week-long exposures to traffic-related, primary organic species are associated with increased rate of total and cause-specific cardiovascular disease emergency hospital admissions. |
|
9-fluorenone
| acenaphthylene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(e)pyrene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| Cyclohexane
| cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene
| docosane
| dotriacontane
| fluoranthene
| hentriacontane
| n-heneicosane
| nonacosane
| n-pentacosane
| n-tricosane
| octacosane
| Particulate Matter
| phenanthrene
| pyrene
| retene
| Soot
| tetracosane
| tritriacontane
|
Subjects with disease:Cardiovascular Diseases
| Subjects with disease:Coronary Disease
| Subjects with disease:Myocardial Infarction
| Subjects with disease:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
|
United States |
air |
9-fluorenone
| acenaphthylene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(e)pyrene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| Cyclohexane
| cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene
| docosane
| dotriacontane
| fluoranthene
| hentriacontane
| n-heneicosane
| nonacosane
| n-pentacosane
| n-tricosane
| octacosane
| phenanthrene
| pyrene
| retene
| Soot
| tetracosane
| tritriacontane
|
Details
|
Cardiovascular Diseases
| Coronary Disease
| Myocardial Infarction
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
|
| 10. |
Wertheim HF, et al. (2012).
|
|
High levels of urine hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found in Hanoi street workers. No effect was seen on urine levels by wearing R95 particulate respirators in an area of high urban air pollution, except for 1-hydroxynaphthalene. |
|
Air Pollutants
|
Workers |
Vietnam |
urine |
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| fluoren-9-ol
|
Details
|
|
| 11. |
Zhang J, et al. (2013).
|
Health Effects of an Air Pollution Reduction Trial (HEART) |
Changes in air pollution levels during the 2008 Summer Olympics (Beijing, China) were associated with acute changes in biomarkers of pulmonary and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemostasis and in measures of cardiovascular physiology (heart rate and systolic blood pressure) in healthy, young adults, supporting the hypothesized mechanistic pathways underlying the cardiorespiratory effects of air pollution. |
|
Air Pollutants
| Particulate Matter
|
Study subjects |
China |
air, ambient | air, breath, exhaled | blood |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| acenaphthylene
| Aluminum
| Arsenic
| Barium
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(e)pyrene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| Cadmium
| Calcium
| Carbon
| Carbon Monoxide
| CD40LG
| Chromium
| chrysene
| Cobalt
| Copper
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Iron
| Lead
| Magnesium
| Manganese
| Molybdenum
| Nickel
| Nitrites
| Nitrogen Dioxide
| Ozone
| Particulate Matter
| phenanthrene
| Phosphorus
| Potassium
| pyrene
| Selenium
| SELP
| Sodium
| Soot
| Sulfates
| Sulfur Dioxide
| Thallium
| Thorium
| Titanium
| Uranium
| Vanadium
| VWF
| Zinc
|
Details
|
platelet aggregation
| regulation of blood pressure
| regulation of heart rate
|
| 12. |
Adetona O, et al. (2017).
|
|
In this study, we assessed occupational exposure to wildland fire smoke in wildland firefighters by measuring the urinary concentrations of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; our results suggest that hydroxylated PAHs (especially 4-hydroxyphenanthrene) may be useful biomarkers of wildland fire smoke exposure. |
|
Air Pollutants, Occupational
| Smoke
|
Workers |
United States |
air, ambient | urine |
1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose
| 1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 1-naphthol
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| Carbon Monoxide
| Particulate Matter
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Details
|
|
| 13. |
Jelaković B, et al. (2012).
|
|
In summary, we provide molecular epidemiologic evidence that supports strongly the hypothesis that, in genetically susceptible individuals, dietary exposure to aristolochic acid is causally related to endemic (Balkan) nephropathy and to the carcinomas of the upper urinary tract associated with this disease. |
diet |
aristolochic acid I
|
Subjects with disease:Balkan Nephropathy
| Subjects with disease:Urologic Neoplasms
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croatia|
Serbia |
|
TP53
|
Details
|
Balkan Nephropathy
| Urologic Neoplasms
|
| 14. |
Alshaarawy O, et al. (2016).
|
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |
A modest association between levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon urinary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease was detected in US adults. |
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Study subjects |
United States |
urine |
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 1-naphthol
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
|
Details
|
Cardiovascular Diseases
|
| 15. |
Nethery E, et al. (2012).
|
|
Study to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urine of pregnant women as biomarkers of exposure in air |
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Pregnant females |
Canada |
urine |
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 1-naphthol
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| fluoren-9-ol
| Nitric Oxide
| Nitrogen Dioxide
| Particulate Matter
|
Details
|
|
| 16. |
Yang Q, et al. (2015).
|
|
A total of 136 dust samples (88 indoor and 48 outdoor) collected from Guizhou, southwest of China, were analyzed for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
|
China |
dust |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| acenaphthene
| acenaphthylene
| anthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(e)pyrene
| benzo(j)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| naphthalene
| phenanthrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| pyrene
|
Details
|
|
| 17. |
Jung KH, et al. (2010).
|
Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) |
These findings suggest that at levels encountered in New York City air, especially during the heating season, residential exposure to Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may pose an increased risk of cancer and mutation. |
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Children |
United States |
air |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| chrysene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Details
|
Neoplasms
|
| 18. |
Polanska K, et al. (2014).
|
Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study |
This study provides evidence that combined exposure of pregnant women to common environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental tobacco smoke might adversely affect fetal development. |
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
| Tobacco Smoke Pollution
|
Infants or newborns | Pregnant females |
Poland |
urine |
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 9-phenanthrol
| Phenanthrenes
| Pyrenes
|
Details
|
developmental growth
|
| 19. |
Zhu X, et al. (2016).
|
Wuhan-Zhuhai (WHZH) cohort |
We identified DNA methylation markers associated with smoking in a Chinese population, including some markers that were also correlated with gene expression. |
tobacco |
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
|
Study subjects |
China |
urine |
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 1-naphthol
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 4-hydroxyphenanthrene
| 9-phenanthrol
| fluoren-9-ol
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Details
|
DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence
|
| 20. |
Zhang X, et al. (2015).
|
|
Our results show that occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust can induce increases in micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge, and nuclear bud frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes. |
|
Vehicle Emissions
|
Workers |
China |
air, indoor | urine |
1,12-benzoperylene
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
| 1-hydroxypyrene
| 2-hydroxyfluorene
| 2-naphthol
| 9-phenanthrol
| acenaphthene
| acenaphthylene
| anthracene
| benz(a)anthracene
| Benzo(a)pyrene
| benzo(b)fluoranthene
| benzo(k)fluoranthene
| Carbon
| chrysene
| fluoranthene
| fluorene
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
| naphthalene
| Particulate Matter
| phenanthrene
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
|
Details
|
Chromosome Aberrations
| Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective
| micronucleus organization
|
Illuminating how chemicals affect human health.
Phenanthrenes