| 1. |
Turyk ME, et al. (2007).
|
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |
In the adult participants of NHANES from 1999 to 2002, total thyroxine was negatively associated with serum dioxin-like toxic equivalents in a dose-dependent fashion, with stronger associations in women than men. |
age | sex |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| Benzofurans
| dibenzodioxin
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds
| Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
| PCB 180
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
|
Study subjects |
United States |
serum |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| Benzofurans
| dibenzodioxin
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| PCB 180
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
|
Details
|
thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
| 2. |
Herbstman JB, et al. (2008).
|
|
Prenatal polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and poly-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures were associated with reduced total thyroxine and free thyroxine levels among infants born by spontaneous, unassisted vaginal delivery. Intrapartum stress associated with delivery mode may mask hormonal effects of PCBs and PBDEs. |
|
2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether
| 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
| PCB 180
| pentabromodiphenyl ether
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
|
Infants or newborns |
United States |
blood | blood, cord |
2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether
| 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| PCB 180
| pentabromodiphenyl ether
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
|
Details
|
thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
| 3. |
Turyk ME, et al. (2008).
|
Consortium for the health assessment of Great Lakes sport fish consumption |
Polychlorinated biphenyls exposure, at levels comparable with those of the general U.S. population, was associated with increased thyroglobulin antibodies and increased T(4) in adult males. |
|
2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
| hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153
| pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
|
Study subjects |
United States |
serum | urine |
2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
| hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153
| pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| SERPINA7
| Testosterone
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
| Triiodothyronine
|
Details
|
immunoglobulin production
| testosterone biosynthetic process
| thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
| 4. |
Preston EV, et al. (2018).
|
Project Viva |
In this study, prenatal exposure to some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances during early pregnancy was inversely associated with maternal free thyroxine (T4) index and neonatal T4 in male infants. |
|
Fluorocarbons
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
| perfluorononanoic acid
| perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
| perfluorooctanoic acid
|
Infants or newborns | Pregnant females |
United States |
plasma |
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
| perfluorononanoic acid
| perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
| perfluorooctanoic acid
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
|
Details
|
thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
| 5. |
Webster GM, et al. (2016).
|
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |
We found evidence of perfluoroalkyl acids-associated thyroid disruption in a subset of U.S. adults with high thyroid peroxidase antibody (a marker of autoimmune hypothyroidism) and low iodine status, who may represent a vulnerable subgroup. |
sex |
hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid
| Iodine
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
| perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
| perfluorooctanoic acid
|
Study subjects |
United States |
serum | urine |
hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid
| Iodine
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
| perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
| perfluorooctanoic acid
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
| Triiodothyronine
|
Details
|
thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
| 6. |
Horton MK, et al. (2015).
|
Endocrine Disruption in Pregnant Women: Thyroid Disruption and Infant Development Study |
Co-exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate may alter maternal thyroid function, specifically thyroid stimulating hormone, during pregnancy. |
|
Iodides
| Nitrates
| perchlorate
| thiocyanate
|
Pregnant females |
United States |
serum | urine |
Iodides
| Nitrates
| perchlorate
| thiocyanate
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
|
Details
|
thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion
|
| 7. |
Johns LE, et al. (2016).
|
LifeCodes Prospective Birth Cohort |
Overall, the results from our analyses support previous reports showing the potential for environmental phthalate exposure to disturb circulating levels of thyroid hormones in pregnant women. |
|
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
| monoethyl phthalate
| phthalic acid
|
Pregnant females |
United States |
plasma | urine |
Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate
| mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
| mono-benzyl phthalate
| monobutyl phthalate
| monoethyl phthalate
| mono-isobutyl phthalate
| phthalic acid
| Thyroid Hormones
| Thyrotropin
| Thyroxine
| Triiodothyronine
|
Details
|
thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
Illuminating how chemicals affect human health.
Pituitary Hormones, Anterior