Pyridines - Exposure Studies

These are exposure studies associated with the chemical and all of its children.

1–48 of 48 results.

	Reference	Associated Study Title	Author's Summary	Study Factors	Stressor	Receptors	Country	Medium	Exposure Marker	Measurements	Outcome
1.	Aquilina NJ, et al. (2010).	Measurement and Modelling of Air Toxic Concentrations for Health Effect Studies Project (MATCH)	The objective of this study was to analyse environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in urine samples of non-occupationally exposed non-smoker adult subjects and to establish relationships between airborne exposures and urinary concentrations in order to assess the suitability of the studied metabolites as biomarkers of PAH and ETS, study the use of 3-ethenypyridine as ETS tracer, and link ETS scenarios with exposures to carcinogenic PAH and volatile organic compounds.	tobacco	1,12-benzoperylene \| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene \| 1,3-butadiene \| 1-hydroxyphenanthrene \| 1-hydroxypyrene \| 2-hydroxyfluorene \| 2-naphthol \| 3-vinylpyridine \| acenaphthene \| acenaphthylene \| anthracene \| benz(a)anthracene \| Benzo(a)pyrene \| benzo(b)fluoranthene \| benzo(k)fluoranthene \| chrysene \| coronene \| fluoranthene \| fluorene \| hydroxycotinine \| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene \| naphthalene \| Nicotine \| phenanthrene \| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons \| pyrene	Study subjects	United Kingdom	urine	1,12-benzoperylene \| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene \| 1,3-butadiene \| 1-hydroxyphenanthrene \| 1-hydroxypyrene \| 2-hydroxyfluorene \| 2-naphthol \| 3-vinylpyridine \| acenaphthene \| acenaphthylene \| anthracene \| benz(a)anthracene \| Benzo(a)pyrene \| benzo(b)fluoranthene \| benzo(k)fluoranthene \| chrysene \| coronene \| fluoranthene \| fluorene \| hydroxycotinine \| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene \| naphthalene \| Nicotine \| phenanthrene \| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons \| pyrene	Details
2.	Meeker JD, et al. (2004).		In the present study we found associations between urinary metabolites of contemporary-use insecticides and decreased sperm concentration and motility in humans.		1-naphthol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| Insecticides	Subjects with disease:Infertility, Male	United States	semen \| urine	1-naphthol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol	Details	Infertility, Male \| spermatogenesis \| sperm motility
3.	Bakke B, et al. (2009).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	We measured the exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season; urinary atrazine mercapturate levels in farmers were largely driven by recent application of atrazine; therefore, the amount of atrazine applied is likely to provide valid surrogates of atrazine exposure in epidemiologic studies.		2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| acetochlor \| Atrazine \| Chlorpyrifos \| Coumaphos \| Diazinon \| Malathion \| Methyl Parathion \| metolachlor \| pirimiphos methyl \| Pyrethrins	Workers	United States	urine	2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| 3-phenoxybenzoic acid \| acetochlor mercapturate \| atrazine mercapturate \| chlorferron \| Diazinon \| Malathion \| Methyl Parathion \| metolachlor \| pirimiphos methyl	Details
4.	Goldner WS, et al. (2010).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	These data support a role of organochlorines, in addition to fungicides, in the etiology of thyroid disease among female spouses enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study.		2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| alachlor \| Aldrin \| Atrazine \| Benomyl \| butylate \| Captan \| Carbaryl \| Carbon Disulfide \| Carbon Tetrachloride \| Chlordan \| chlorimuron ethyl \| Chlorpyrifos \| cyanazine \| DDT \| Diazinon \| Dicamba \| Dichlorvos \| EPTC \| Fonofos \| Fungicides, Industrial \| glyphosate \| Heptachlor \| Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated \| imazethapyr \| Insecticides \| Lindane \| Malathion \| mancozeb \| Maneb \| metalaxyl \| methyl bromide \| metolachlor \| metribuzin \| Paraquat \| Parathion \| pendimethalin \| Petroleum \| terbufos \| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile \| Trifluralin	Study subjects	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Hyperthyroidism \| Hypothyroidism
5.	Waggoner JK, et al. (2013).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	In this large cohort of male farmers, pesticide use, in addition to farm machinery use, was associated with fatal injury.		2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| alachlor \| butylate \| Carbon Disulfide \| Carbon Tetrachloride \| cyanazine \| metribuzin \| Paraquat \| Ziram	Workers	United States			Details	Death
6.	Kamel F, et al. (2007).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	This study suggests that exposure to certain pesticides may increase Parkinson's disease risk.		2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| Benomyl \| butylate \| Carbon Disulfide \| Carbon Tetrachloride \| cyanazine \| Dicamba \| Ethylene Dibromide \| Lindane \| mancozeb \| Maneb \| methyl bromide \| Paraquat \| pendimethalin \| Pesticides \| Phorate \| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile	Study subjects \| Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Parkinson Disease
7.	Carreón T, et al. (2005).	Upper Midwest Health Study (UMHS)	Results show that exposure to pesticides was not associated with an increased risk of intracranial gliomas in women.		2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide \| alachlor \| Aniline Compounds \| Arsenicals \| Atrazine \| bentazone \| Benzoic Acid \| Carbamates \| cyanazine \| DDT \| Diazinon \| Dicamba \| Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated \| imazethapyr \| Inorganic Chemicals \| Malathion \| metolachlor \| Organophosphates \| pendimethalin \| Pesticides \| Triazines \| Trifluralin	Controls for disease:Glioma \| Subjects with disease:Glioma	United States			Details	Glioma
8.	Hoppin JA, et al. (2017).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	We evaluated the association of currently used pesticides with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers, and our results implicate several pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings with adverse respiratory effects.		2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| acetochlor \| Atrazine \| bentazone \| Carbaryl \| Chlorpyrifos \| clomazone \| clopyralid \| cyfluthrin \| Dicamba \| Dimethoate \| Disulfoton \| fenoxaprop ethyl \| fluazifop-butyl \| glyphosate \| Herbicides \| imazaquin \| Insecticides \| Malathion \| mesotrione \| metolachlor \| N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl(1,2,4)-triazol(1,5-a)pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide \| nicosulfuron \| Permethrin \| Petroleum \| Picloram \| Pyrethrins \| Rodenticides \| Simazine \| triclopyr \| Trifluralin \| Warfarin	Workers	United States			Details	Respiratory Sounds \| Rhinitis, Allergic
9.	Hoppin JA, et al. (2002).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	Prevalence of wheeze was associated with individual pesticides independent of animals, crops, and grains.	disease	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| alachlor \| Aldicarb \| aluminum phosphide \| Atrazine \| Benomyl \| butylate \| Captan \| Carbaryl \| Carbofuran \| chlorimuron ethyl \| Chlorpyrifos \| Coumaphos \| cyanazine \| Diazinon \| Dicamba \| Dichlorvos \| EPTC \| Fonofos \| glyphosate \| imazethapyr \| Lindane \| Malathion \| Maneb \| metalaxyl \| metolachlor \| metribuzin \| Paraquat \| Parathion \| pendimethalin \| Permethrin \| Petroleum \| Phorate \| terbufos \| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile \| Trichlorfon \| Trifluralin \| Ziram	Subjects with disease:Asthma \| Subjects with disease:Ige Responsiveness, Atopic \| Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Respiratory Sounds
10.	Coble J, et al. (2011).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	Revised weighting factors in a pesticide exposure intensity algorithm were developed for use in epidemiologic analyses for the Agricultural Health Study by using exposure monitoring data from two monitoring substudies in combination with the world's exposure literature and Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database.		2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| Chlorpyrifos	Workers	United States	urine	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol	Details
11.	Thomas KW, et al. (2010).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	This study provides a direct assessment of the intensity score algorithm within the Agricultural Health Study cohort for several application methods.		2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| Chlorpyrifos	Workers	United States	urine	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol	Details
12.	Thomas KW, et al. (2010).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	This study provides information on pesticide exposures and possible exposure determinants for several application methods commonly used by farmers and will provide information to assess and refine exposure classification; results may also be of use in pesticide safety education for reducing exposures to pesticide applicators.		2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| Chlorpyrifos	Workers	United States	air, personal \| body region \| hand \| urine	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| Chlorpyrifos	Details
13.	Mandel JS, et al. (2005).		The results of the study showed that exposure to farm family members can be quantified using biological markers of exposure and the exposure was variable by chemical largely, though not exclusively, determined by the degree of direct contact with the application process.		2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| Chlorpyrifos \| Herbicides	Children \| Study subjects \| Workers	United States	urine	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| Herbicides	Details
14.	Aszyk J, et al. (2017).		Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of 42 flavouring compounds and nicotine in liquids for e-cigarettes.		2,5-dimethylpyrazine \| 2,6-lutidine \| 2-acetylpyrrole \| 5-methyl-2-furfural \| benzyl acetate \| cyclotene \| diethyl succinate \| ethyl acetoacetate \| ethyl lactate \| ethyl maltol \| ethyl vanillin \| furaneol \| gamma-valerolactone \| linalool \| maltol \| Menthol \| menthone \| methyl cinnamate \| methylheptenone \| methyl salicylate \| Nicotine \| pyridine \| tetramethylpyrazine \| vanillin		Poland	e-cigarette	2,5-dimethylpyrazine \| 2,6-lutidine \| 2-acetylpyrrole \| 5-methyl-2-furfural \| benzyl acetate \| cyclotene \| diethyl succinate \| ethyl acetoacetate \| ethyl lactate \| ethyl maltol \| ethyl vanillin \| furaneol \| gamma-valerolactone \| linalool \| maltol \| Menthol \| menthone \| methyl cinnamate \| methylheptenone \| methyl salicylate \| Nicotine \| pyridine \| tetramethylpyrazine \| vanillin	Details
15.	Lu C, et al. (2006).		We were able to demonstrate that an organic diet provides a dramatic and immediate protective effect against exposures to organophosphorus pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural production.	diet	2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| chlorferron \| Malathion \| pirimiphos methyl	Children	United States	urine	2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| chlorferron \| Malathion \| pirimiphos methyl	Details
16.	Marfo JT, et al. (2015).		Urinary N-desmethylacetamiprid can be used as a biomarker for environmental exposure to acetamiprid, and detection of N-desmethylacetamiprid was associated with increased prevalence of neurological symptoms.		acetamiprid \| Insecticides	Controls for disease:Neurologic Manifestations \| Subjects with disease:Neurologic Manifestations	Japan	urine	clothianidin \| N-desmethylacetamiprid \| nitenpyram \| thiacloprid \| thiamethoxam	Details	Neurologic Manifestations
17.	Lebov JF, et al. (2016).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	In this study of male pesticide applicators, risk of end-stage renal disease increased with increasing cumulative exposure to several pesticides, including the herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat and pendimethalin, and the insecticide permethrin.		alachlor \| Aldicarb \| Atrazine \| Chlordan \| Coumaphos \| imazethapyr \| metalaxyl \| metolachlor \| Paraquat \| Parathion \| pendimethalin \| Permethrin \| Petroleum \| Phorate	Workers	United States			Details	Kidney Failure, Chronic
18.	Andreotti G, et al. (2010).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	Using data from the Agricultural Health Study, we examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of cancer at 17 sites and the interaction between BMI and pesticide use.	body mass index \| tobacco	alachlor \| Atrazine \| Carbaryl \| Carbofuran \| chlorimuron ethyl \| Chlorpyrifos \| cyanazine \| DDT \| Diazinon \| EPTC \| Fonofos \| glyphosate \| Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated \| imazethapyr \| Malathion \| methyl bromide \| metolachlor \| metribuzin \| Organophosphates \| pendimethalin \| Permethrin \| terbufos \| Trifluralin	Study subjects \| Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Breast Neoplasms \| Colonic Neoplasms \| Lung Neoplasms
19.	Henneberger PK, et al. (2014).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	The findings from this study suggest that use of selected pesticides might be risk factors for exacerbation of symptoms among adult pesticide applicators with active allergic asthma.	disease	Aldicarb \| butylate \| cyanazine \| glyphosate \| metribuzin \| Paraquat \| pendimethalin	Subjects with disease:Asthma \| Controls for disease:Hypersensitivity \| Subjects with disease:Hypersensitivity \| Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Asthma
20.	Kamel F, et al. (2014).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS) \| Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME)	Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was consistently associated with lower Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, and dietary fats modified the association of PD risk with pesticide exposure.		alpha-Linolenic Acid \| Fatty Acids \| Fatty Acids, Unsaturated \| Paraquat \| Rotenone	Controls for disease:Parkinson Disease \| Subjects with disease:Parkinson Disease \| Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Parkinson Disease
21.	Campbell RC, et al. (2014).		The aim of this study was to determine whether there are predictable relationships among major arsenic species in tobacco that could be useful for risk assessment; the dominance of inorganic arsenic species among those components analysed is a marked feature of the diverse range of tobaccos selected for study.	tobacco	Arsenicals \| Nicotine \| tobacco tar		Bulgaria\|China\| United Kingdom\|United States	tobacco	Arsenicals \| Cacodylic Acid \| monomethylarsonic acid \| Nicotine \| tobacco tar	Details
22.	Zablotska LB, et al. (2008).	Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS)	Intakes of B-vitamins and antioxidants, at doses greater than the current recommended daily amounts for the country, may reduce the risk of arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh.	age \| body mass index \| sex \| socioeconomic status	Arsenic \| Ascorbic Acid \| Folic Acid \| Pyridoxine \| Riboflavin \| Vitamin A \| Vitamin E	Study subjects	Bangladesh			Details	Skin Ulcer
23.	Valcin M, et al. (2007).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	Pesticides as well as grain and dust exposures were associated with chronic bronchitis among nonsmoking farm women.		Asbestos \| cyanazine \| DDT \| Dichlorvos \| Gasoline \| methyl bromide \| Paraquat \| Solvents	Study subjects	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Bronchitis, Chronic
24.	Ferrari M, et al. (2015).		The short-term use of the specific brand of nicotine-free e-cigarette assessed in this study had no immediate adverse effects on non-smokers and only small effects on forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow 25% in smokers.	tobacco	Benzoic Acid \| ethyl carbonate \| Nicotine \| Propylene Glycol \| quinoline \| Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Study subjects	Italy			Details	respiratory gaseous exchange
25.	Hoppin JA, et al. (2009).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	Pesticides may be an overlooked contributor to asthma risk among farmers.		Captan \| Carbon Disulfide \| Carbon Tetrachloride \| Chlordan \| Coumaphos \| DDT \| Diazinon \| EPTC \| Ethylene Dibromide \| fenoprop \| Heptachlor \| Lindane \| Malathion \| Paraquat \| Parathion \| Phorate	Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Asthma
26.	Kieszak SM, et al. (2002).	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) \| Priority Toxicant Reference Range Study (PTRRS)	The main objective of our study was to determine whether we could use data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption (particularly consumption of fruits, vegetables, and bread products) and urinary levels of pesticides or their metabolites in a population of 978 adults living in the US.	diet	Carbaryl \| Chlorpyrifos \| naphthalene \| Pentachlorophenol \| Pesticides	Study subjects	United States	urine	1-naphthol \| 2-isopropoxyphenol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| 4-nitrophenol \| Pentachlorophenol	Details
27.	Farahat FM, et al. (2011).		Our findings demonstrate a statistically significant dose-effect inverse correlation between urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and both plasma butyrylcholinesterase and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase in humans exposed occupationally to chlorpyrifos.		Chlorpyrifos	Workers	Egypt	erythrocyte \| plasma \| urine	3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| ACHE \| BCHE	Details
28.	van Wendel de Joode B, et al. (2016).		Our findings indicate that children living near banana and plantain plantations are exposed to pesticides that may affect their neurodevelopment, which for certain domains may differ between boys and girls.	sex	Chlorpyrifos \| mancozeb \| Pyrethrins	Children	Costa Rica	urine	3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| 3-phenoxybenzoic acid \| Ethylenethiourea	Details	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity \| behavior \| cognition \| learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning \| memory \| visual perception
29.	Berkowitz GS, et al. (2004).	Children's Environmental Health Study	In this report we evaluate the effects of pesticide exposure on birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age among 404 births between May 1998 and May 2002.		Chlorpyrifos \| Pentachlorophenol \| Pyrethrins	Infants or newborns \| Pregnant females	United States	urine	3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| 3-phenoxybenzoic acid \| Pentachlorophenol	Details	Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
30.	Rudel RA, et al. (2003).		This study provides a basis for prioritizing toxicology and exposure research for individual endocrine-disrupting compounds and mixtures and provides new tools for exposure assessment in health studies.		Endocrine Disruptors		United States	air, indoor \| dust	2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether \| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl \| 2,3-dibromopropanol \| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl \| 2,4-dichlorophenol \| 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone \| 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl \| 2-phenylphenol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| 4-cumylphenol \| 4-nitrophenol \| 4-nonylphenol \| 4-octylphenol \| 4-phenylphenol \| alachlor \| anthracene \| bendiocarb \| benz(a)anthracene \| Benzo(a)pyrene \| bisphenol A \| butylbenzyl phthalate \| butylparaben \| butylphen \| Carbaryl \| Chlordan \| Chlorpyrifos \| cypermethrin \| DDT \| Diazinon \| Dibutyl Phthalate \| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane \| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene \| Dicofol \| dicyclohexyl phthalate \| Dieldrin \| Diethylhexyl Phthalate \| diethyl phthalate \| diisobutyl phthalate \| di-n-hexyl phthalate \| di-n-propylphthalate \| dioctyl adipate \| ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate \| Heptachlor \| Lindane \| Malathion \| Methoxychlor \| methylparaben \| Methyl Parathion \| pentabromodiphenyl ether \| Pentachlorophenol \| Permethrin \| Piperonyl Butoxide \| prometone \| Propoxur \| pyrene \| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile \| Trifluralin	Details
31.	Antoniewicz L, et al. (2016).		In healthy volunteers, ten puffs of e-cigarette vapor inhalation caused an increase in endothelial progenitor cells.		Ethanol \| Glycerol \| Nicotine \| Propylene Glycol \| Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Study subjects	Sweden	breath \| plasma	Cotinine \| Nitric Oxide	Details	stem cell population maintenance
32.	Valentine GW, et al. (2016).		Brief use of a widely available type of e-cigarette containing an e-liquid purchased from an Internet vendor can negatively impact psychomotor performance and in some instances, produce detectable levels of a urine alcohol metabolite.		Ethanol \| Nicotine	Study subjects	United States	urine	ethyl glucuronide	Details	psychomotor behavior
33.	Ward MH, et al. (2006).		Our results indicate that agricultural crop maps may be a useful method for estimating levels of herbicides in homes from nearby crop fields.		Herbicides	Study subjects \| Workers	United States	dust, house	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| acetochlor \| alachlor \| Atrazine \| bentazone \| Dicamba \| fluazifop-butyl \| Herbicides \| metolachlor \| pendimethalin \| Trifluralin	Details
34.	Koutros S, et al. (2009).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	Significant excess risks of bladder and colon cancers were observed in the Agricultural Health Study among applicators exposed to the heterocyclic aromatic amine herbicide imazethapyr.		imazethapyr	Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Colonic Neoplasms \| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
35.	Costello S, et al. (2009).		This study provides evidence that exposure to a combination of maneb and paraquat increases Parkinson's Disease risk, particularly in younger subjects and/or when exposure occurs at younger ages.	age	Maneb \| Paraquat	Study subjects	United States			Details	Parkinson Disease
36.	Ritz BR, et al. (2009).		Our population-based case-control study of Parkinson's Disease (PD) conducted in a California population heavily exposed to pesticides replicates and extends evidence for an association between dopamine transporter (DAT) variants and PD and highlights possible interactions of disease-associated DAT susceptibility alleles and pesticide exposure.	genetics	Maneb \| Paraquat	Subjects with gene influence:SLC6A3 \| Workers	United States			Details	Parkinson Disease
37.	Kleinjan M, et al. (2012).	International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)	Nicotine dependence profiles are predicted by interactions between personal and environmental factors.	age	Nicotine	Children	Netherlands		Nicotine	Details	Tobacco Use Disorder
38.	Whitehead T, et al. (2009).	Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS)	These findings suggest that house-dust nicotine concentrations reflect long-term exposures to cigarette smoke in the home and that they may be less biased surrogates for children's exposures to cigarette smoke than self-reported smoking habits.		Nicotine	Children	United States	dust	Nicotine	Details
39.	Dicpinigaitis PV, et al. (2016).		A single session of e-cigarette use, approximating nicotine exposure of one tobacco cigarette, induces significant inhibition of cough reflex sensitivity.	tobacco	Nicotine	Study subjects	United States			Details	reflex
40.	Vinnikov D, et al. (2010).		In summary, we found levels of exposure to secondhand smoke both in socializing venues and at home to be high in participants in this study conducted in Kyrgyzstan.	tobacco	Nicotine \| Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Workers	Kyrgyzstan	air \| hair	Nicotine	Details	Respiration Disorders
41.	Flouris AD, et al. (2013).		In this study, we present the first comprehensive and standardized assessment regarding the impact of short term active and passive e-cigarette smoking on cotinine concentration and lung function compared to active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking.	tobacco	Nicotine \| Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Study subjects	Greece	serum	Cotinine	Details	respiratory gaseous exchange
42.	McConnell R, et al. (2017).	Children's Health Study (CHS)	Adolescent e-cigarette users had increased rates of chronic bronchitic symptoms.		Nicotine \| tobacco tar	Children	United States			Details	Bronchitis \| Cough \| Respiratory Sounds \| Respiratory Tract Diseases
43.	Goldman SM, et al. (2012).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS) \| Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME)	The present study tested the hypothesis that the association between paraquat and Parkinson Disease risk is enhanced in those with homozygous deletions of GSTT1 or GSTM1.	genetics	Paraquat	Subjects with gene influence:GSTM1 \| Subjects with gene influence:GSTT1 \| Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Parkinson Disease
44.	Park SK, et al. (2009).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS)	In this study, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk was significantly associated with the ever-use of paraquat.		Paraquat	Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
45.	Furlong M, et al. (2015).	Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME)	Although sample size was limited, protective glove use and hygiene practices appeared to be important modifiers of the association between pesticides and Parkinson disease and may reduce risk of Parkinson disease associated with certain pesticides.		Paraquat \| Permethrin \| Rotenone \| Trifluralin	Workers	United States			Details	Parkinson Disease
46.	Tanner CM, et al. (2011).	Agricultural Health Study (AHS) \| Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME)	Parkinson's Disease (PD) was positively associated with two groups of pesticides defined by mechanisms implicated experimentally-those that impair mitochondrial function and those that increase oxidative stress-supporting a role for these mechanisms in PD pathophysiology.		Paraquat \| Rotenone	Workers	United States			Details	Agricultural Workers' Diseases \| Parkinson Disease
47.	Castorina R, et al. (2010).	Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) \| National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)	Our findings indicate that pregnant women in the Salinas Valley are chronically exposed to several current-use organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides and chlorinated phenols, with additional intermittent exposures to other pesticides. Findings suggest that the CHAMACOS cohort has an additional burden of precursor pesticide exposure compared with the national sample, possibly from living and/or working in an agricultural area.		Pesticides	Pregnant females	United States	urine	1-naphthol \| 2,4,5-trichlorophenol \| 2,4,6-trichlorophenol \| 2,4-dichlorophenol \| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid \| 2,5-dichlorophenol \| 2-naphthol \| 2-phenylphenol \| 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol \| 3-phenoxybenzoic acid \| 4-nitrophenol \| acephate \| DEET \| Dimethoate \| Ethylenethiourea \| Pentachlorophenol	Details
48.	Wipfli H, et al. (2008).		Our results indicate that women and children living with smokers are at increased risk of premature death and disease from exposure to secondhand smoke.		Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Children \| Study subjects	Argentina\|Armenia\| Brazil\|Cambodia\| China\|Dominican Republic\| Egypt\|Georgia\| Guatemala\|Hong Kong\| India\|Indonesia\| Latvia\|Malaysia\| Mexico\|Nepal\| Panama\|Peru\| Philippines\|Poland\| Romania\|Russian Federation\| Syrian Arab Republic\|Taiwan, Province of China\| Thailand\|Turkey\| Ukraine\|Uruguay\| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of\|Vietnam	air \| hair	Nicotine	Details

1–48 of 48 results.

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