These are exposure studies associated with the chemical and all of its children.
Reference | Associated Study Title | Author's Summary | Study Factors | Stressor | Receptors | Country | Medium | Exposure Marker | Measurements | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Aquilina NJ, et al. (2010). | Measurement and Modelling of Air Toxic Concentrations for Health Effect Studies Project (MATCH) | The objective of this study was to analyse environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in urine samples of non-occupationally exposed non-smoker adult subjects and to establish relationships between airborne exposures and urinary concentrations in order to assess the suitability of the studied metabolites as biomarkers of PAH and ETS, study the use of 3-ethenypyridine as ETS tracer, and link ETS scenarios with exposures to carcinogenic PAH and volatile organic compounds. | tobacco | 1,12-benzoperylene | 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene | 1,3-butadiene | 1-hydroxyphenanthrene | 1-hydroxypyrene | 2-hydroxyfluorene | 2-naphthol | 3-vinylpyridine | acenaphthene | acenaphthylene | anthracene | benz(a)anthracene | Benzo(a)pyrene | benzo(b)fluoranthene | benzo(k)fluoranthene | chrysene | coronene | fluoranthene | fluorene | hydroxycotinine | indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | naphthalene | Nicotine | phenanthrene | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | pyrene | Study subjects | United Kingdom | urine | 1,12-benzoperylene | 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene | 1,3-butadiene | 1-hydroxyphenanthrene | 1-hydroxypyrene | 2-hydroxyfluorene | 2-naphthol | 3-vinylpyridine | acenaphthene | acenaphthylene | anthracene | benz(a)anthracene | Benzo(a)pyrene | benzo(b)fluoranthene | benzo(k)fluoranthene | chrysene | coronene | fluoranthene | fluorene | hydroxycotinine | indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | naphthalene | Nicotine | phenanthrene | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | pyrene | Details | |
2. | Meeker JD, et al. (2004). | In the present study we found associations between urinary metabolites of contemporary-use insecticides and decreased sperm concentration and motility in humans. | 1-naphthol | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | Insecticides | Subjects with disease:Infertility, Male | United States | semen | urine | 1-naphthol | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | Details | Infertility, Male | spermatogenesis | sperm motility | ||
3. | Bakke B, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | We measured the exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season; urinary atrazine mercapturate levels in farmers were largely driven by recent application of atrazine; therefore, the amount of atrazine applied is likely to provide valid surrogates of atrazine exposure in epidemiologic studies. | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | acetochlor | Atrazine | Chlorpyrifos | Coumaphos | Diazinon | Malathion | Methyl Parathion | metolachlor | pirimiphos methyl | Pyrethrins | Workers | United States | urine | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | 3-phenoxybenzoic acid | acetochlor mercapturate | atrazine mercapturate | chlorferron | Diazinon | Malathion | Methyl Parathion | metolachlor | pirimiphos methyl | Details | ||
4. | Goldner WS, et al. (2010). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | These data support a role of organochlorines, in addition to fungicides, in the etiology of thyroid disease among female spouses enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | alachlor | Aldrin | Atrazine | Benomyl | butylate | Captan | Carbaryl | Carbon Disulfide | Carbon Tetrachloride | Chlordan | chlorimuron ethyl | Chlorpyrifos | cyanazine | DDT | Diazinon | Dicamba | Dichlorvos | EPTC | Fonofos | Fungicides, Industrial | glyphosate | Heptachlor | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated | imazethapyr | Insecticides | Lindane | Malathion | mancozeb | Maneb | metalaxyl | methyl bromide | metolachlor | metribuzin | Paraquat | Parathion | pendimethalin | Petroleum | terbufos | tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | Trifluralin | Study subjects | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Hyperthyroidism | Hypothyroidism | |||
5. | Waggoner JK, et al. (2013). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this large cohort of male farmers, pesticide use, in addition to farm machinery use, was associated with fatal injury. | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | alachlor | butylate | Carbon Disulfide | Carbon Tetrachloride | cyanazine | metribuzin | Paraquat | Ziram | Workers | United States | Details | Death | |||
6. | Kamel F, et al. (2007). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | This study suggests that exposure to certain pesticides may increase Parkinson's disease risk. | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Benomyl | butylate | Carbon Disulfide | Carbon Tetrachloride | cyanazine | Dicamba | Ethylene Dibromide | Lindane | mancozeb | Maneb | methyl bromide | Paraquat | pendimethalin | Pesticides | Phorate | tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | Study subjects | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Parkinson Disease | |||
7. | Carreón T, et al. (2005). | Upper Midwest Health Study (UMHS) | Results show that exposure to pesticides was not associated with an increased risk of intracranial gliomas in women. | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
| 2- |
Controls for disease:Glioma | Subjects with disease:Glioma | United States | Details | Glioma | |||
8. | Hoppin JA, et al. (2017). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | We evaluated the association of currently used pesticides with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers, and our results implicate several pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings with adverse respiratory effects. | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
| acetochlor
| Atrazine
| bentazone
| Carbaryl
| Chlorpyrifos
| clomazone
| clopyralid
| cyfluthrin
| Dicamba
| Dimethoate
| Disulfoton
| fenoxaprop ethyl
| fluazifop-butyl
| glyphosate
| Herbicides
| imazaquin
| Insecticides
| Malathion
| mesotrione
| metolachlor
| N- |
Workers | United States | Details | Respiratory Sounds | Rhinitis, Allergic | |||
9. | Hoppin JA, et al. (2002). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Prevalence of wheeze was associated with individual pesticides independent of animals, crops, and grains. | disease | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | alachlor | Aldicarb | aluminum phosphide | Atrazine | Benomyl | butylate | Captan | Carbaryl | Carbofuran | chlorimuron ethyl | Chlorpyrifos | Coumaphos | cyanazine | Diazinon | Dicamba | Dichlorvos | EPTC | Fonofos | glyphosate | imazethapyr | Lindane | Malathion | Maneb | metalaxyl | metolachlor | metribuzin | Paraquat | Parathion | pendimethalin | Permethrin | Petroleum | Phorate | terbufos | tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | Trichlorfon | Trifluralin | Ziram | Subjects with disease:Asthma | Subjects with disease:Ige Responsiveness, Atopic | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Respiratory Sounds | ||
10. | Coble J, et al. (2011). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Revised weighting factors in a pesticide exposure intensity algorithm were developed for use in epidemiologic analyses for the Agricultural Health Study by using exposure monitoring data from two monitoring substudies in combination with the world's exposure literature and Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database. | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Chlorpyrifos | Workers | United States | urine | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | Details | ||
11. | Thomas KW, et al. (2010). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | This study provides a direct assessment of the intensity score algorithm within the Agricultural Health Study cohort for several application methods. | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Chlorpyrifos | Workers | United States | urine | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | Details | ||
12. | Thomas KW, et al. (2010). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | This study provides information on pesticide exposures and possible exposure determinants for several application methods commonly used by farmers and will provide information to assess and refine exposure classification; results may also be of use in pesticide safety education for reducing exposures to pesticide applicators. | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Chlorpyrifos | Workers | United States | air, personal | body region | hand | urine | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | Chlorpyrifos | Details | ||
13. | Mandel JS, et al. (2005). | The results of the study showed that exposure to farm family members can be quantified using biological markers of exposure and the exposure was variable by chemical largely, though not exclusively, determined by the degree of direct contact with the application process. | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Chlorpyrifos | Herbicides | Children | Study subjects | Workers | United States | urine | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | Herbicides | Details | |||
14. | Aszyk J, et al. (2017). | Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of 42 flavouring compounds and nicotine in liquids for e-cigarettes. | 2,5-dimethylpyrazine | 2,6-lutidine | 2-acetylpyrrole | 5-methyl-2-furfural | benzyl acetate | cyclotene | diethyl succinate | ethyl acetoacetate | ethyl lactate | ethyl maltol | ethyl vanillin | furaneol | gamma-valerolactone | linalool | maltol | Menthol | menthone | methyl cinnamate | methylheptenone | methyl salicylate | Nicotine | pyridine | tetramethylpyrazine | vanillin | Poland | e-cigarette | 2,5-dimethylpyrazine | 2,6-lutidine | 2-acetylpyrrole | 5-methyl-2-furfural | benzyl acetate | cyclotene | diethyl succinate | ethyl acetoacetate | ethyl lactate | ethyl maltol | ethyl vanillin | furaneol | gamma-valerolactone | linalool | maltol | Menthol | menthone | methyl cinnamate | methylheptenone | methyl salicylate | Nicotine | pyridine | tetramethylpyrazine | vanillin | Details | ||||
15. | Lu C, et al. (2006). | We were able to demonstrate that an organic diet provides a dramatic and immediate protective effect against exposures to organophosphorus pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural production. | diet | 2- |
Children | United States | urine | 2- |
Details | ||
16. | Marfo JT, et al. (2015). | Urinary N-desmethylacetamiprid can be used as a biomarker for environmental exposure to acetamiprid, and detection of N-desmethylacetamiprid was associated with increased prevalence of neurological symptoms. | acetamiprid | Insecticides | Controls for disease:Neurologic Manifestations | Subjects with disease:Neurologic Manifestations | Japan | urine | clothianidin | N-desmethylacetamiprid | nitenpyram | thiacloprid | thiamethoxam | Details | Neurologic Manifestations | ||
17. | Lebov JF, et al. (2016). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this study of male pesticide applicators, risk of end-stage renal disease increased with increasing cumulative exposure to several pesticides, including the herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat and pendimethalin, and the insecticide permethrin. | alachlor | Aldicarb | Atrazine | Chlordan | Coumaphos | imazethapyr | metalaxyl | metolachlor | Paraquat | Parathion | pendimethalin | Permethrin | Petroleum | Phorate | Workers | United States | Details | Kidney Failure, Chronic | |||
18. | Andreotti G, et al. (2010). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Using data from the Agricultural Health Study, we examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of cancer at 17 sites and the interaction between BMI and pesticide use. | body mass index | tobacco | alachlor | Atrazine | Carbaryl | Carbofuran | chlorimuron ethyl | Chlorpyrifos | cyanazine | DDT | Diazinon | EPTC | Fonofos | glyphosate | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated | imazethapyr | Malathion | methyl bromide | metolachlor | metribuzin | Organophosphates | pendimethalin | Permethrin | terbufos | Trifluralin | Study subjects | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Breast Neoplasms | Colonic Neoplasms | Lung Neoplasms | ||
19. | Henneberger PK, et al. (2014). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | The findings from this study suggest that use of selected pesticides might be risk factors for exacerbation of symptoms among adult pesticide applicators with active allergic asthma. | disease | Aldicarb | butylate | cyanazine | glyphosate | metribuzin | Paraquat | pendimethalin | Subjects with disease:Asthma | Controls for disease:Hypersensitivity | Subjects with disease:Hypersensitivity | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Asthma | ||
20. | Kamel F, et al. (2014). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME) | Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was consistently associated with lower Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, and dietary fats modified the association of PD risk with pesticide exposure. | alpha-Linolenic Acid | Fatty Acids | Fatty Acids, Unsaturated | Paraquat | Rotenone | Controls for disease:Parkinson Disease | Subjects with disease:Parkinson Disease | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Parkinson Disease | |||
21. | Campbell RC, et al. (2014). | The aim of this study was to determine whether there are predictable relationships among major arsenic species in tobacco that could be useful for risk assessment; the dominance of inorganic arsenic species among those components analysed is a marked feature of the diverse range of tobaccos selected for study. | tobacco | Arsenicals | Nicotine | tobacco tar | Bulgaria|China| United Kingdom|United States |
tobacco | Arsenicals | Cacodylic Acid | monomethylarsonic acid | Nicotine | tobacco tar | Details | |||
22. | Zablotska LB, et al. (2008). | Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) | Intakes of B-vitamins and antioxidants, at doses greater than the current recommended daily amounts for the country, may reduce the risk of arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh. | age | body mass index | sex | socioeconomic status | Arsenic | Ascorbic Acid | Folic Acid | Pyridoxine | Riboflavin | Vitamin A | Vitamin E | Study subjects | Bangladesh | Details | Skin Ulcer | ||
23. | Valcin M, et al. (2007). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Pesticides as well as grain and dust exposures were associated with chronic bronchitis among nonsmoking farm women. | Asbestos | cyanazine | DDT | Dichlorvos | Gasoline | methyl bromide | Paraquat | Solvents | Study subjects | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Bronchitis, Chronic | |||
24. | Ferrari M, et al. (2015). | The short-term use of the specific brand of nicotine-free e-cigarette assessed in this study had no immediate adverse effects on non-smokers and only small effects on forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow 25% in smokers. | tobacco | Benzoic Acid | ethyl carbonate | Nicotine | Propylene Glycol | quinoline | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | Study subjects | Italy | Details | respiratory gaseous exchange | |||
25. | Hoppin JA, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Pesticides may be an overlooked contributor to asthma risk among farmers. | Captan | Carbon Disulfide | Carbon Tetrachloride | Chlordan | Coumaphos | DDT | Diazinon | EPTC | Ethylene Dibromide | fenoprop | Heptachlor | Lindane | Malathion | Paraquat | Parathion | Phorate | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Asthma | |||
26. | Kieszak SM, et al. (2002). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Priority Toxicant Reference Range Study (PTRRS) | The main objective of our study was to determine whether we could use data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption (particularly consumption of fruits, vegetables, and bread products) and urinary levels of pesticides or their metabolites in a population of 978 adults living in the US. | diet | Carbaryl | Chlorpyrifos | naphthalene | Pentachlorophenol | Pesticides | Study subjects | United States | urine | 1-naphthol | 2-isopropoxyphenol | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | 4-nitrophenol | Pentachlorophenol | Details | |
27. | Farahat FM, et al. (2011). | Our findings demonstrate a statistically significant dose-effect inverse correlation between urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and both plasma butyrylcholinesterase and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase in humans exposed occupationally to chlorpyrifos. | Chlorpyrifos | Workers | Egypt | erythrocyte | plasma | urine | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | ACHE | BCHE | Details | |||
28. | van Wendel de Joode B, et al. (2016). | Our findings indicate that children living near banana and plantain plantations are exposed to pesticides that may affect their neurodevelopment, which for certain domains may differ between boys and girls. | sex | Chlorpyrifos | mancozeb | Pyrethrins | Children | Costa Rica | urine | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | 3-phenoxybenzoic acid | Ethylenethiourea | Details | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity | behavior | cognition | learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning | memory | visual perception | |
29. | Berkowitz GS, et al. (2004). | Children's Environmental Health Study | In this report we evaluate the effects of pesticide exposure on birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age among 404 births between May 1998 and May 2002. | Chlorpyrifos | Pentachlorophenol | Pyrethrins | Infants or newborns | Pregnant females | United States | urine | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | 3-phenoxybenzoic acid | Pentachlorophenol | Details | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | |
30. | Rudel RA, et al. (2003). | This study provides a basis for prioritizing toxicology and exposure research for individual endocrine-disrupting compounds and mixtures and provides new tools for exposure assessment in health studies. | Endocrine Disruptors | United States | air, indoor | dust | 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
| 2,3,3',4,4'- |
Details | ||||
31. | Antoniewicz L, et al. (2016). | In healthy volunteers, ten puffs of e-cigarette vapor inhalation caused an increase in endothelial progenitor cells. | Ethanol | Glycerol | Nicotine | Propylene Glycol | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | Study subjects | Sweden | breath | plasma | Cotinine | Nitric Oxide | Details | stem cell population maintenance | ||
32. | Valentine GW, et al. (2016). | Brief use of a widely available type of e-cigarette containing an e-liquid purchased from an Internet vendor can negatively impact psychomotor performance and in some instances, produce detectable levels of a urine alcohol metabolite. | Ethanol | Nicotine | Study subjects | United States | urine | ethyl glucuronide | Details | psychomotor behavior | ||
33. | Ward MH, et al. (2006). | Our results indicate that agricultural crop maps may be a useful method for estimating levels of herbicides in homes from nearby crop fields. | Herbicides | Study subjects | Workers | United States | dust, house | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | acetochlor | alachlor | Atrazine | bentazone | Dicamba | fluazifop-butyl | Herbicides | metolachlor | pendimethalin | Trifluralin | Details | |||
34. | Koutros S, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Significant excess risks of bladder and colon cancers were observed in the Agricultural Health Study among applicators exposed to the heterocyclic aromatic amine herbicide imazethapyr. | imazethapyr | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Colonic Neoplasms | Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | |||
35. | Costello S, et al. (2009). | This study provides evidence that exposure to a combination of maneb and paraquat increases Parkinson's Disease risk, particularly in younger subjects and/or when exposure occurs at younger ages. | age | Maneb | Paraquat | Study subjects | United States | Details | Parkinson Disease | |||
36. | Ritz BR, et al. (2009). | Our population-based case-control study of Parkinson's Disease (PD) conducted in a California population heavily exposed to pesticides replicates and extends evidence for an association between dopamine transporter (DAT) variants and PD and highlights possible interactions of disease-associated DAT susceptibility alleles and pesticide exposure. | genetics | Maneb | Paraquat | Subjects with gene influence:SLC6A3 | Workers | United States | Details | Parkinson Disease | |||
37. | Kleinjan M, et al. (2012). | International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) | Nicotine dependence profiles are predicted by interactions between personal and environmental factors. | age | Nicotine | Children | Netherlands | Nicotine | Details | Tobacco Use Disorder | |
38. | Whitehead T, et al. (2009). | Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) | These findings suggest that house-dust nicotine concentrations reflect long-term exposures to cigarette smoke in the home and that they may be less biased surrogates for children's exposures to cigarette smoke than self-reported smoking habits. | Nicotine | Children | United States | dust | Nicotine | Details | ||
39. | Dicpinigaitis PV, et al. (2016). | A single session of e-cigarette use, approximating nicotine exposure of one tobacco cigarette, induces significant inhibition of cough reflex sensitivity. | tobacco | Nicotine | Study subjects | United States | Details | reflex | |||
40. | Vinnikov D, et al. (2010). | In summary, we found levels of exposure to secondhand smoke both in socializing venues and at home to be high in participants in this study conducted in Kyrgyzstan. | tobacco | Nicotine | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | Workers | Kyrgyzstan | air | hair | Nicotine | Details | Respiration Disorders | |
41. | Flouris AD, et al. (2013). | In this study, we present the first comprehensive and standardized assessment regarding the impact of short term active and passive e-cigarette smoking on cotinine concentration and lung function compared to active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking. | tobacco | Nicotine | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | Study subjects | Greece | serum | Cotinine | Details | respiratory gaseous exchange | |
42. | McConnell R, et al. (2017). | Children's Health Study (CHS) | Adolescent e-cigarette users had increased rates of chronic bronchitic symptoms. | Nicotine | tobacco tar | Children | United States | Details | Bronchitis | Cough | Respiratory Sounds | Respiratory Tract Diseases | |||
43. | Goldman SM, et al. (2012). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME) | The present study tested the hypothesis that the association between paraquat and Parkinson Disease risk is enhanced in those with homozygous deletions of GSTT1 or GSTM1. | genetics | Paraquat | Subjects with gene influence:GSTM1 | Subjects with gene influence:GSTT1 | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Parkinson Disease | ||
44. | Park SK, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this study, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk was significantly associated with the ever-use of paraquat. | Paraquat | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | |||
45. | Furlong M, et al. (2015). | Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME) | Although sample size was limited, protective glove use and hygiene practices appeared to be important modifiers of the association between pesticides and Parkinson disease and may reduce risk of Parkinson disease associated with certain pesticides. | Paraquat | Permethrin | Rotenone | Trifluralin | Workers | United States | Details | Parkinson Disease | |||
46. | Tanner CM, et al. (2011). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME) | Parkinson's Disease (PD) was positively associated with two groups of pesticides defined by mechanisms implicated experimentally-those that impair mitochondrial function and those that increase oxidative stress-supporting a role for these mechanisms in PD pathophysiology. | Paraquat | Rotenone | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Parkinson Disease | |||
47. | Castorina R, et al. (2010). | Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Our findings indicate that pregnant women in the Salinas Valley are chronically exposed to several current-use organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides and chlorinated phenols, with additional intermittent exposures to other pesticides. Findings suggest that the CHAMACOS cohort has an additional burden of precursor pesticide exposure compared with the national sample, possibly from living and/or working in an agricultural area. | Pesticides | Pregnant females | United States | urine | 1-naphthol | 2,4,5-trichlorophenol | 2,4,6-trichlorophenol | 2,4-dichlorophenol | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | 2,5-dichlorophenol | 2-naphthol | 2-phenylphenol | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol | 3-phenoxybenzoic acid | 4-nitrophenol | acephate | DEET | Dimethoate | Ethylenethiourea | Pentachlorophenol | Details | ||
48. | Wipfli H, et al. (2008). | Our results indicate that women and children living with smokers are at increased risk of premature death and disease from exposure to secondhand smoke. | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | Children | Study subjects | Argentina|Armenia| Brazil|Cambodia| China|Dominican Republic| Egypt|Georgia| Guatemala|Hong Kong| India|Indonesia| Latvia|Malaysia| Mexico|Nepal| Panama|Peru| Philippines|Poland| Romania|Russian Federation| Syrian Arab Republic|Taiwan, Province of China| Thailand|Turkey| Ukraine|Uruguay| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of|Vietnam |
air | hair | Nicotine | Details |