| 1. |
Hedley AJ, et al. (2006).
|
|
In a 2002-2003 World Health Organization exposure study, 13 pools of breast milk comprising samples from 316 primiparous women in Hong Kong in 2002 were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for 29 polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins /dibenzofurans and dioxin-like poly-chlorinated biphenyls congeners. |
|
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| Benzofurans
| octachlorodibenzofuran
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| polychlorodibenzofuran
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Mothers |
Hong Kong |
milk, human |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| Benzofurans
| octachlorodibenzofuran
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| polychlorodibenzofuran
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 2. |
Warner M, et al. (2014).
|
Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) |
We measured individual 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and total toxic equivalent concentrations in serum collected approximately twenty years after the 1976 explosion for a sample of the Seveso Women's Health Study cohort. |
|
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| octachlorodibenzofuran
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Controls for disease:Chloracne
| Subjects with disease:Chloracne
| Study subjects |
Italy |
serum |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| octachlorodibenzofuran
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 3. |
Pless-Mulloli T, et al. (2005).
|
|
Long term residency near heavy and chemical industry did not have an effect on women's body burden of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and furans and polychlorinated biphenyls on Teesside, UK. |
|
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| Benzofurans
| Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
United Kingdom |
blood |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| Benzofurans
| Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 4. |
Michalek JE, et al. (2001).
|
|
We found an increased risk of 'other liver disorders' among veterans with the highest dioxin levels; whether the associations observed were causal is unclear from these data. |
|
Agent Orange
| Defoliants, Chemical
|
Veterans |
United States |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Liver Diseases
|
| 5. |
Kern PA, et al. (2004).
|
|
These data suggest that high blood tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) levels, from exposure to Agent Orange, may promote an insulin-resistant state, but the magnitude of this effect appeared to be small, such that an 18-fold increase in blood TCDD resulted in only a 10% change in insulin sensitivity. |
|
Agent Orange
| Defoliants, Chemical
|
Veterans |
United States |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Insulin Resistance
|
| 6. |
Kunisue T, et al. (2006).
|
|
Organochlorine levels in human breast milk from primiparae were significantly higher than those from multiparae, implying elimination via lactation, and significant positive correlations were observed between levels and the age of primiparae; these results indicate that the mothers with higher age may transfer higher amounts to the first infant than those born afterwards through breast-feeding, and hence the first born children might be at higher risk. |
age | diet |
Benzofurans
| DDT
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Pesticides
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
|
Mothers |
Japan |
milk, human |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
| Benzofurans
| beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
| DDT
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Hexachlorobenzene
| nonachlor
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| octachlorodibenzofuran
| oxychlordane
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 7. |
Sudaryanto A, et al. (2005).
|
|
This study determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane in breast milk collected in 2003 from primipara mothers living in Malaysia. |
|
Benzofurans
| DDT
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Pesticides
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
|
Mothers |
Malaysia |
milk, human |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
| Benzofurans
| beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
| DDT
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
| Hexachlorobenzene
| Lindane
| nonachlor
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| oxychlordane
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
| tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane
|
Details
|
|
| 8. |
Orban JE, et al. (1994).
|
National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) |
The survey provides a baseline of average levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the adipose tissue of humans in the US population. |
|
Benzofurans
| Dioxins
|
Study subjects |
United States |
adipose tissue |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 9. |
Humblet O, et al. (2011).
|
|
This study provides suggestive evidence that average serum concentrations of dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls are decreasing over time among residents in Chapaevsk, Russia. During this nine year period, larger decreases in serum total toxic equivalency and polychlorinated biphenyls were found in women with greater increases in body mass index. |
body mass index |
Benzofurans
| Dioxins
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
|
Study subjects |
Russian Federation |
serum |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl
| 2,2',3,5,5',6-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
| octachlorodibenzofuran
| PCB 180
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 10. |
Mínguez-Alarcón L, et al. (2016).
|
Russian Children's Study |
Our prospective cohort study showed that higher peripubertal serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins toxic equivalents were associated with lower sperm concentration, total sperm count, and total motile sperm count measured 10 years later in healthy young men. |
|
Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
| Dioxins
| Furans
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Children | Study subjects |
Russian Federation |
serum |
Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Infertility, Male
| spermatogenesis
| sperm motility
|
| 11. |
Aylward LL, et al. (2008).
|
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) | University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study (UMDES) |
The objective of this study was to a) provide an assessment of the degree of change in lipid-adjusted toxic equivalent concentrations over the past three decades, and b) demonstrate the use of example human data sets in a margin of exposure framework for assessing noncancer risks of dioxins and related compounds. |
|
Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Children | Study subjects |
Italy|United States |
serum |
Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
| Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 12. |
Chang JW, et al. (2016).
|
|
We find that serum dioxin/furan toxic equivalents and abdominal obesity affect the association with insulin resistance in the study population. |
|
Dioxins
|
Subjects with disease:Obesity, Abdominal
|
Taiwan, Province of China |
serum |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Insulin Resistance
|
| 13. |
Mocarelli P, et al. (2011).
|
|
In utero and lactational exposure of sons to relatively low dioxin doses can permanently reduce sperm quality. |
|
Dioxins
|
Mothers | Study subjects |
Italy |
serum |
FSHB
| INHBB
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
spermatogenesis
| sperm motility
|
| 14. |
Comba P, et al. (2003).
|
|
The study shows a significant increase in risk of soft tissue sarcomas associated with residence within 2 km of an industrial waste incinerator; an aetiological role of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can be hypothesised. |
|
Industrial Waste
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Italy |
|
|
Details
|
Sarcoma
|
| 15. |
Warner M, et al. (2011).
|
Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) |
Individual serum Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin is significantly positively related with all cancer incidence in the Seveso Women's Health Study cohort, more than 30 years later. This all-female study adds to the epidemiologic evidence that Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin is a multisite carcinogen. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Italy |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Neoplasms
|
| 16. |
Eskenazi B, et al. (2004).
|
Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) |
In summary, female residents of the area near Seveso, Italy, at the time of the 1976 explosion were exposed to high levels of TCDD. Serum TCDD levels were related to a number of factors, particularly zone of residence and age. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Controls for disease:Chloracne
| Subjects with disease:Chloracne
| Study subjects |
Italy |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
| 17. |
Eskenazi B, et al. (2003).
|
Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) |
We report the lack of an association between maternal serum levels of TCDD and adverse birth outcomes in the cohort of women exposed to dioxin in Seveso, Italy. However, associations of TCDD and lowered birth weight and SGA are somewhat stronger, albeit nonsignificant, for those pregnancies occurring in the first TCDD half-life (within 8 years) after the explosion. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Italy |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Abortion, Spontaneous
| Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
|
| 18. |
Gupta A, et al. (2006).
|
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin exposure at general population levels is associated with a decreasing risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia with higher exposure levels; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin exposure is also negatively associated with serum testosterone levels. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Veterans |
United States |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
Prostatic Hyperplasia
| testosterone biosynthetic process
|
| 19. |
Warner M, et al. (2007).
|
Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) |
We found no clear evidence that 1976 Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin exposure was associated with ovarian function 20 years later in women exposed to relatively high levels in Seveso, Italy. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Italy |
serum |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
ovulation
|
| 20. |
Consonni D, et al. (2008).
|
|
The Seveso accident in 1976 caused a large, populated area north of Milan, Italy, to be contaminated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In this study, the authors followed up the exposed population for chronic effects; this paper reports the results of the mortality follow-up extension for 1997-2001. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Italy |
|
|
Details
|
Diabetes Mellitus
| Leukemia
| Lymphoma
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
| Multiple Myeloma
| Neoplasms
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
| Vascular Diseases
|
| 21. |
Pesatori AC, et al. (2009).
|
|
The extension of the Seveso cancer incidence study confirmed an excess risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue neoplasms in the most (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) exposed zones. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Italy |
|
|
Details
|
Breast Neoplasms
| Hematologic Neoplasms
|
| 22. |
Tuyet-Hanh TT, et al. (2010).
|
|
This study used the Australian Environmental Health Risk Assessment Framework to assess the human health risk of dioxin exposure through foods for local residents in two wards of Bien Hoa City, Vietnam. |
|
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Study subjects |
Vietnam |
food |
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
|
Details
|
|
Illuminating how chemicals affect human health.
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin