These are exposure studies associated with the chemical and all of its children.
Reference | Associated Study Title | Author's Summary | Study Factors | Stressor | Receptors | Country | Medium | Exposure Marker | Measurements | Outcome | |
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1. | Brody JG, et al. (2009). | Northern California Household Exposure Study | In this study, we found that cumulative air pollution burdens were more pronounced indoors than outdoors in an urban industrial environmental justice community in comparison with a rural community. | 1-methylphenanthrene | 2-methylphenanthrene | 2-phenylphenol | acenaphthene | Aluminum | Ammonia | Calcium | Carbon | Copper | Diethylhexyl Phthalate | dioctyl adipate | fluoranthene | fluorene | Iron | Lead | Manganese | Nitrates | Particulate Matter | phenanthrene | Potassium | pyrene | Sulfates | Vanadium | United States | air, indoor | air, outdoor | 1-methylphenanthrene | 2-methylphenanthrene | 2-phenylphenol | acenaphthene | Aluminum | Ammonia | Calcium | Carbon | Copper | Diethylhexyl Phthalate | dioctyl adipate | fluoranthene | fluorene | Iron | Lead | Manganese | Nitrates | Particulate Matter | phenanthrene | Potassium | pyrene | Sulfates | Vanadium | Details | |||
2. | Laurent O, et al. (2016). | In our statewide nested case-control study population, exposures to both primary and secondary pollutants were associated with an increase in preterm birth. | Aerosols | Ammonium Compounds | Arsenic | Calcium | Carbon | Chromium | Gasoline | Iron | Magnesium | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Organic Chemicals | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Potassium | Strontium | Sulfates | Titanium | Zinc | Pregnant females | United States | air | Aerosols | Ammonium Compounds | Arsenic | Calcium | Carbon | Chromium | Gasoline | Iron | Magnesium | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Organic Chemicals | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Potassium | Strontium | Sulfates | Titanium | Zinc | Details | Premature Birth | ||
3. | Pirani M, et al. (2015). | We used Dirichlet process mixture models to cluster time points with similar multipollutant and response profiles, while adjusting for seasonal cycles, trends and temporal components. | Air Pollutants | Chlorides | Nitrates | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfates | United Kingdom | air | Chlorides | Nitrates | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfates | Details | ||||
4. | Cao J, et al. (2012). | Our findings suggest that Particulate Matter (PM2.5) constituents from the combustion of fossil fuel may have an appreciable influence on the health effects attributable to PM2.5 in Xi'an. | Air Pollutants | Particulate Matter | China | air | Arsenic | Bromine | Cadmium | Calcium | Chlorides | Chlorine | Chromium | Fluorides | Iron | Lead | Magnesium | Manganese | Molybdenum | Nickel | Nitrates | Nitrites | Nitrogen Dioxide | Particulate Matter | Potassium | Sodium | Sulfates | Sulfur | Sulfur Dioxide | Titanium | Zinc | Details | Cardiovascular Diseases | Respiration Disorders | |||
5. | Thurston GD, et al. (2011). | Using daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition data, we applied multivariate methods to identify and quantify the major fine particulate matter source components in the U.S. | Air Pollutants | Particulate Matter | United States | air, ambient | Arsenic | Calcium | Carbon | Chlorine | Copper | Iron | Lead | Magnesium | Manganese | Nickel | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Particulate Matter | Potassium | Selenium | Silicon | Sodium | Soot | Sulfur | Vanadium | Zinc | Details | ||||
6. | Hao H, et al. (2016). | We investigated associations between 11 ambient air pollutants and the risk of preterm birth in Georgia (U.S.) from 2002-2006; several pollutants were associated with preterm birth, and associations tended to be higher for mothers with low educational attainment and African-American mothers. | race | socioeconomic status | Air Pollutants | Vehicle Emissions | Pregnant females | United States | air, ambient | Ammonium Compounds | Carbon | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfates | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | Premature Birth | |
7. | Gong J, et al. (2015). | Sampling data for pre-, during-, and post-Olympic time periods in Beijing (China), this study found evidence that 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine (co-assayed) and 1-hydroxypyrene can be used as biomarkers of exposure to general vehicle-emitted pollutants; more data are needed to confirm 1-aminopyrene as a biomarker of diesel combustion emissions. | Air Pollutants | Vehicle Emissions | Study subjects | China | air, ambient | urine | 1-aminopyrene | 1-hydroxypyrene | 1-Naphthylamine | 2-Naphthylamine | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | pyrene | Soot | Sulfates | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | |||
8. | Barros N, et al. (2014). | This review covered well-water analyses performed by the North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health on samples submitted by county health departments statewide from 1998 through 2011. | Arsenic | Nitrates | United States | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | ||||
9. | Thorpe N, et al. (2005). | This hypothesis-generating study explores spatial patterns of childhood cancers in Maryland and investigates their potential associations with herbicides and nitrates in groundwater. | Atrazine | metolachlor | Nitrates | Children | United States | Details | Bone Neoplasms | Brain Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lymphoma | ||||
10. | Goldman GT, et al. (2010). | Ambient air pollutant measurement error due to instrument imprecision and spatial variability is characterized and its impacts on health risk estimates are assessed. | Carbon | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrates | Nitric Oxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | Soot | Sulfates | Sulfur Dioxide | United States | air | Carbon | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | Soot | Sulfates | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | ||||
11. | Kim SY, et al. (2015). | Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) Study | Particulate Matter (2.5) components possibly from combustion-related sources are more strongly associated with daily mortality than are secondary inorganic aerosols. | Carbon | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfates | Sulfur Dioxide | Study subjects | United States | air | Carbon | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrates | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfates | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | Death | Myocardial Ischemia | Neoplasms | |
12. | Ostro B, et al. (2015). | California Teachers Study | Our analysis of long-term exposure to the mass and constituents of Particulate Matter (2.5) and ultrafine particles revealed several statistically significant associations with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart disease mortality. | Carbon | Copper | Iron | Manganese | Nitrates | Organic Chemicals | Particulate Matter | Study subjects | United States | air | Carbon | Copper | Iron | Manganese | Nitrates | Organic Chemicals | Particulate Matter | Details | Cardiovascular Diseases | Death | Myocardial Ischemia | |
13. | Downs TJ, et al. (2010). | We piloted participatory testing and reporting that combined relatively simple tests with actionable reporting to empower residents in Main South/Piedmont neighborhoods of Worcester, Massachusetts. | Chlorine | Lead | Nitrates | Nitrites | Particulate Matter | Radon | United States | air | dust | soil | water | Chlorine | Lead | Nitrates | Nitrites | Particulate Matter | Radon | Details | ||||
14. | Valentín-Blasini L, et al. (2011). | Study of Estrogen Activity and Development (SEAD) | We measured perchlorate and related anions (nitrate, thiocyanate, and iodide) in 206 urine samples from 92 infants ages 1-377 days and calculated perchlorate intake dose for this sample of infants. Estimated exposure dose differed by feeding method. | diet | Creatinine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Infants or newborns | United States | urine | Creatinine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Details | |
15. | Mervish N, et al. (2012). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | The results of the present study demonstrate fair temporal reliability in the spot urine concentrations of the three sodium iodide symporter inhibitors and iodide. | Creatinine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Children | United States | urine | Creatinine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Details | ||
16. | Cao Y, et al. (2010). | Study of Estrogen Activity and Development (SEAD) | The association of perchlorate exposure with increased urinary thyroid-stimulating hormone in infants with low urinary iodide is consistent with previous findings. Higher thiocyanate and nitrate exposure were also associated with higher thyroid-stimulating hormone in infants. | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Infants or newborns | United States | blood | urine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Thyroxine | TSHB | Details | hormone secretion | thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion | |
17. | Steinmaus C, et al. (2016). | Project Baby's Breath (PBB) | Our results suggest that environmental perchlorate exposures may affect thyroid hormone production during pregnancy. | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Pregnant females | United States | serum | urine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Thyroxine | TSHB | Details | regulation of thyroid hormone generation | |
18. | Horton MK, et al. (2015). | Endocrine Disruption in Pregnant Women: Thyroid Disruption and Infant Development Study | Co-exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate may alter maternal thyroid function, specifically thyroid stimulating hormone, during pregnancy. | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Pregnant females | United States | serum | urine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Thyrotropin | Thyroxine | Details | thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion | |
19. | Mervish NA, et al. (2016). | Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Project (BCERP) | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | We examined whether exposure to sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors measured at one time point were associated with height, waist circumference, and body mass index trajectories during childhood in an established cohort group of young girls with adequate iodine intake. | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | Children | United States | urine | Iodides | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Details | developmental growth | |
20. | English P, et al. (2011). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Our sample of 31 residents had higher perchlorate dose levels compared with national reference ranges. Although none of our exposure estimates exceeded the U. S. EPA reference dose, three participants exceeded the acceptable daily dose. | Iodine | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Study subjects | United States | produce | urine | water, drinking | Iodine | Nitrates | perchlorate | thiocyanate | Details | ||
21. | Yard E, et al. (2015). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | We conducted a cross-sectional study of residents living near the Akaki River in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); this river contains elevated levels of several metals, but most of the exposures we found seem unlikely to cause acute health effects based on known toxic thresholds (however, toxicity data for many of these metals are very limited). | Metals | Water Pollutants, Chemical | Study subjects | Ethiopia|United States | blood | urine | water, drinking | Antimony | Arsenic | Barium | Cadmium | Cesium | Chromium | Cobalt | Iodine | Lead | Manganese | Mercury | Molybdenum | Nickel | Nitrates | Selenium | Thallium | Tungsten | Uranium | Details | ||
22. | Jones RR, et al. (2016). | Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS) | Long-term ingestion of elevated nitrate in drinking water was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer among postmenopausal women, including current smokers. | diet | tobacco | Nitrates | Study subjects | United States | water, drinking | Details | Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | |
23. | Espejo-Herrera N, et al. (2016). | Multi-case Control Cancer Study in Spain (MCC-Spain) | Waterborne ingested nitrate was associated with breast cancer only among postmenopausal women with high red meat consumption; however, dietary (non-waterborne) nitrate was not associated with breast cancer regardless of the animal or vegetable source or of menopausal status. | diet | Nitrates | Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Spain | food | water, drinking | Nitrates | Details | Breast Neoplasms |
24. | Fewtrell L. (2004). | I conclude that, given the apparently low incidence of possible water-related methemoglobinemia, the complex nature of the role of nitrates, and that of individual behavior, it is currently inappropriate to attempt to link illness rates with drinking-water nitrate levels. | Nitrates | Study subjects | Details | Methemoglobinemia | |||||
25. | Raczuk J, et al. (2014). | We determined nitrate and nitrite content in selected vegetables purchased at supermarket chains in Siedlce (Poland) to assess their impact on consumer health. | diet | Nitrates | Nitrites | Study subjects | Poland | beetroot | cabbage, white | carrot | cucumber | lettuce, butterhead | lettuce, iceberg | potato | radish | tomato | Nitrates | Nitrites | Details | ||
26. | Joyce SJ, et al. (2008). | In summary, these preliminary results suggest a relation between the development of term prelabor rupture of membranes and exposure to water disinfection by-products. | Nitrates | Trihalomethanes | Pregnant females | Australia | water | Nitrates | Trihalomethanes | Details | Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture |