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Illuminating how chemicals affect human health.
Skin and Connective Tissue DiseasesThese are exposure studies associated with the disease and all of its children.
| Reference | Associated Study Title | Author's Summary | Study Factors | Stressor | Receptors | Country | Medium | Exposure Marker | Measurements | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Warner M, et al. (2014). | Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) | We measured individual 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and total toxic equivalent concentrations in serum collected approximately twenty years after the 1976 explosion for a sample of the Seveso Women's Health Study cohort. | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- |
Controls for disease:Chloracne | Subjects with disease:Chloracne | Study subjects | Italy | serum | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- |
Details | ||
| 2. | Ruckart PZ, et al. (2015). | Findings suggested possible associations between male breast cancer and being stationed at Camp Lejeune and cumulative exposure to tetrachloroethylene, t-1,2 dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. | 1,2-dichloroethylene | Tetrachloroethylene | Trichloroethylene | Vinyl Chloride | Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Veterans | United States | 1,2-dichloroethylene | Tetrachloroethylene | Trichloroethylene | Details | Breast Neoplasms | |||
| 3. | Holmes AK, et al. (2014). | Exposure to the parent compound of the phthalate metabolite MEHP may be associated with breast cancer. | 2,2',3',4,4',5- |
Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Study subjects | United States | serum | urine | 2,2',3',4,4',5- |
Details | Breast Neoplasms | ||
| 4. | Engel LS, et al. (2005). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | While pesticide use overall is not associated with an increased rate of breast cancer among the wives of farmers in the Agricultural Health Study cohort, use of certain pesticides may be related to increased risk. These include the herbicides 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, the insecticide dieldrin, and the fungicide captan. | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Captan | Dieldrin | fenoprop | Study subjects | United States | Details | Breast Neoplasms | |||
| 5. | Parada H JR, et al. (2018). | Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) | Consistent with laboratory evidence, we observed inverse associations between urinary concentrations of several phthalate metabolites and breast cancer (BC) and subsequent survival; however, these results should be interpreted with caution given that biospecimen collection among women with BC occurred after diagnosis, which may be of particular concern for our case-control findings. | 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| diisodecyl phthalate
| diisononyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | United States | urine | 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| diisodecyl phthalate
| diisononyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Details | Breast Neoplasms | |
| 6. | Wilson KM, et al. (2009). | Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) | We found no association between acrylamide intake from the diet and risk of premenopausal breast cancer risk. | Acrylamide | Workers | United States | Acrylamide | Details | Breast Neoplasms | ||
| 7. | Kim JS, et al. (2003). | We conclude that exposure to Agent Orange is associated with various health impacts in Korean Vietnam veterans. | Agent Orange | Veterans | Vietnam | Details | Diabetes Mellitus | Eczema | Heart Valve Diseases | Hypertension | Myocardial Ischemia | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases | Radiculopathy | Retinal Diseases | ||||
| 8. | Ranzi A, et al. (2011). | No increased risk of mortality and morbidity was found in the entire area among people living close to incinerators. The internal analysis of the cohort based on dispersion modeling found excesses of mortality for some cancer types in the highest exposure categories, especially in women. People in the highest heavy metal exposure categories tended to have a lower socioeconomic status than those in the lowest categories. The interpretation of the findings is limited given the pilot nature of the study | sex | socioeconomic status | Air Pollutants | Study subjects | Italy | waste, industrial | Cadmium | Dioxins | Mercury | Metals, Heavy | Nitrogen Dioxide | Particulate Matter | Details | Breast Neoplasms | Colorectal Neoplasms | Death | Liver Neoplasms | Neoplasms | Stomach Neoplasms | |
| 9. | Cordier S, et al. (2004). | Several groups of congenital anomalies, in particular obstructive uropathies, appear to occur more often than expected in populations living around municipal solid waste incinerators. | Air Pollutants | Study subjects | France | Details | Abnormalities, Drug-Induced | Congenital Abnormalities | Skin Abnormalities | ||||
| 10. | Jung CR, et al. (2017). | Our results provide new evidence that exposure to ozone may increase the risk of Kawasaki disease in children. | Air Pollutants | Children | Subjects with disease:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome | Taiwan, Province of China | air, ambient | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome | ||
| 11. | Hart JE, et al. (2009). | Nurses' Health Study (NHS) | The observed association between exposure to traffic pollution and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suggests that pollution from traffic in adulthood may be a newly identified environmental risk factor for RA. | Air Pollutants | Vehicle Emissions | Workers | United States | Details | Arthritis, Rheumatoid | |||
| 12. | Andreotti G, et al. (2010). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Using data from the Agricultural Health Study, we examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of cancer at 17 sites and the interaction between BMI and pesticide use. | body mass index | tobacco | alachlor | Atrazine | Carbaryl | Carbofuran | chlorimuron ethyl | Chlorpyrifos | cyanazine | DDT | Diazinon | EPTC | Fonofos | glyphosate | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated | imazethapyr | Malathion | methyl bromide | metolachlor | metribuzin | Organophosphates | pendimethalin | Permethrin | terbufos | Trifluralin | Study subjects | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Breast Neoplasms | Colonic Neoplasms | Lung Neoplasms | ||
| 13. | Brough HA, et al. (2015). | Consortium of Food Allergy Research Observational Study (CoFAR) | Exposure to peanut antigen in dust through an impaired skin barrier in atopically inflamed skin is a plausible route for peanut skin sensitization and peanut allergy. | diet | disease | Antigens, Plant | Children | Subjects with disease:Dermatitis, Atopic | United States | dust | Antigens, Plant | Details | Peanut Hypersensitivity |
| 14. | Paul S, et al. (2014). | We infer that arsenic biotransformation leads to promoter hypomethylation of ERCC2, which in turn inhibits the normal functioning of the Cdk-activating kinase complex, thus affecting DNA repair; this effect was highest among the arsenic exposed individuals with dermatological lesions. | Arsenic | Controls for disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Study subjects | India | blood | hair | leukocyte, mononuclear | nail | urine | water, drinking | Arsenic | CDK7 | ERCC2 | Details | Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective | Skin Diseases | positive regulation of DNA repair | ||
| 15. | Fu S, et al. (2014). | Our results showed that when exposed to the same arsenic environment, different individuals exhibited different urinary arsenic metabolism patterns; gender and ethnicity affect these differences and genetic polymorphisms may be effectors too (especially genes GSTO1 and AS3MT). | genetics | race | sex | Arsenic | Subjects with gene influence:AS3MT | Subjects with gene influence:GSTO1 | Subjects with gene influence:GSTO2 | Controls for disease:Keratosis | Subjects with disease:Keratosis | Study subjects | China | urine | water, drinking | Arsenicals | Arsenic | Cacodylic Acid | monomethylarsonic acid | Details | cellular response to arsenic-containing substance | |
| 16. | Xia Y, et al. (2009). | We conducted a census of one arsenic-exposed village in the Ba Men region, Shahai village located in Hangjin Hou county with the goal of documenting arsenic exposures in the region, recording the prevalence of arsenic induced skin lesions, and describing the demographic factors associated with arsenic exposures, and arsenic toxicity. | Arsenic | Study subjects | China | water | Arsenic | Details | Cardiovascular Diseases | Skin Ulcer | ||
| 17. | Pierce BL, et al. (2011). | Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) | The authors evaluated associations among dietary patterns, arsenic exposure, and skin lesion risk using baseline food frequency questionnaire data collected in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Araihazar, Bangladesh from 2000-2009. | age | body mass index | diet | sex | tobacco | Arsenic | Study subjects | Bangladesh | Arsenic | Details | Skin Diseases | |
| 18. | Smith AH, et al. (1998). | In conclusion, markedly increased cancer risks have been found in this study in Chile to be associated with arsenic in drinking water. | Arsenic | Study subjects | Chile | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | Death | Kidney Neoplasms | Lung Neoplasms | Skin Neoplasms | Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | ||
| 19. | Guo X, et al. (2003). | The present study indicated that there was a high odds ratio of subjective symptoms including cough, stomachache, palpitations, urination problems and spontaneous abortion amongst residents in the arsenic-affected village. | Arsenic | Study subjects | Mongolia | water, well | Arsenic | Details | Abortion, Spontaneous | Arrhythmias, Cardiac | Cough | Skin Diseases | Stomach Diseases | Urinary Bladder Diseases | ||
| 20. | Hossain K, et al. (2017). | Our findings demonstrated that chronic exposure to arsenic (from drinking water) was inversely associated with LINE-1 methylation levels in blood leukocyte DNA and this was more pronounced in females than males; in addition, the decreased levels of LINE-1 methylation might be involved in the arsenic-induced elevation of blood pressure. | diet | sex | Arsenic | Study subjects | Bangladesh | hair | nail, toe | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | Hypertension | Skin Diseases | DNA hypomethylation | regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | |
| 21. | Banerjee N, et al. (2017). | This study for the first time shows that miR21 plays an important role in contributing to arsenic induced dermatological and non-dermatological health outcomes in an exposed population. | Arsenic | Controls for disease:Skin Ulcer | Subjects with disease:Skin Ulcer | Study subjects | India | leukocyte, mononuclear | urine | water | Arsenic | MIR21 | Details | Skin Ulcer | gene expression | ||
| 22. | Seow WJ, et al. (2015). | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in INPP5A gene appear to have a role in susceptibility to arsenic toxicity, as minor allele carriers modified the odds of arsenic-induced skin lesions in both main and replicative populations | genetics | Arsenic | Subjects with gene influence:DHFR | Subjects with gene influence:IL10 | Subjects with gene influence:INPP5A | Subjects with gene influence:PEMT | Controls for disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with gene influence:XPC | Bangladesh | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | Skin Diseases | |
| 23. | Rahman M, et al. (2006). | Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System | The result showed sex, age, and socioeconomic differentials in both arsenic exposure and skin lesions: women had significantly higher cumulative exposure to arsenic, while men had significantly higher prevalence of skin lesions; the highest prevalence occurred in 35-44 age groups for both sexes; and arsenic exposure and skin lesions had a positive association with socioeconomic groups and achieved educational level. | age | sex | socioeconomic status | Arsenic | Study subjects | Bangladesh | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | Hyperpigmentation | Keratosis |
| 24. | Huang JW, et al. (2014). | We found that participants with skin signs of arsenicosis had a higher level of arsenic in the drinking water, and that drinking water with arsenic levels above the median was associated with a nearly twofold increase in the risk of diabetes mellitus; however, odds ratios did not reach statistical significance most likely because of the small case number. | Arsenic | Controls for disease:Diabetes Mellitus | Subjects with disease:Diabetes Mellitus | Controls for disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Study subjects | Cambodia | urine | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | |||
| 25. | Rahman M, et al. (2006). | The results demonstrate that males are more susceptible than females to develop skin lesions when exposed to arsenic in water from tube wells. | diet | sex | Arsenic | Controls for disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Bangladesh | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | Skin Diseases | |
| 26. | Valenzuela OL, et al. (2007). | Results show a statistically significant positive correlation between transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) concentration in bladder urothelial cells and each of six arsenic species present in urine, suggesting that TGFA may serve as a susceptibility marker. | Arsenic | Study subjects | Mexico | urinary bladder | urine | water, well | arsenic acid | Arsenicals | Arsenic | arsenite | dimethylarsinous acid | monomethylarsonous acid | TGFA | Details | Keratosis | Melanosis | positive regulation of cytokine production | ||
| 27. | Zhang A, et al. (2007). | The results showed that long-term Arsenic exposure may be associated with damage of chromosomes and DNA, gene mutations, gene deletions, and alterations of DNA synthesis and repair ability. | Arsenic | Subjects with disease:Carcinoma | Subjects with disease:Ichthyosis | Subjects with disease:Precancerous Conditions | Study subjects | China | hair | urine | Arsenic | Details | Arsenic Poisoning | DNA biosynthetic process | DNA repair | gene expression | ||
| 28. | Oberoi S, et al. (2014). | We estimated that worldwide each year additional cases of bladder cancer (9,129-119,176), lung cancer (11,844-121,442), and skin cancer (10,729-110,015) are attributable to inorganic arsenic in food. | diet | Arsenic | Study subjects | Afghanistan|Albania| Algeria|Angola| Antigua and Barbuda|Argentina| Armenia|Australia| Austria|Azerbaijan| Bahamas|Bangladesh| Barbados|Belarus| Belgium|Belize| Benin|Bolivia, Plurinational State of| Bosnia and Herzegovina|Botswana| Brazil|Brunei Darussalam| Bulgaria|Burkina Faso| Burundi|Cambodia| Cameroon|Canada| Cape Verde|Central African Republic| Chad|Chile| China|Colombia| Comoros|Congo, the Democratic Republic of the| Costa Rica|Cote d'Ivoire| Croatia|Cuba| Cyprus|Czech Republic| Denmark|Djibouti| Dominica|Dominican Republic| Ecuador|Egypt| El Salvador|Eritrea| Estonia|Ethiopia| Fiji|Finland| France|French Polynesia| Gabon|Gambia| Georgia|Germany| Ghana|Greece| Grenada|Guatemala| Guinea|Guinea-Bissau| Guyana|Haiti| Honduras|Hungary| Iceland|India| Indonesia|Iran, Islamic Republic of| Iraq|Ireland| Israel|Italy| Jamaica|Japan| Jordan|Kazakhstan| Kenya|Kiribati| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of|Korea, Republic of| Kuwait|Lao People's Democratic Republic| Latvia|Lebanon| Lesotho|Liberia| Libya|Lithuania| Luxembourg|Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of| Madagascar|Malawi| Malaysia|Maldives| Mali|Malta| Mauritania|Mauritius| Mexico|Moldova, Republic of| Mongolia|Montenegro| Morocco|Mozambique| Myanmar|Namibia| Nepal|Netherlands| New Caledonia|New Zealand| Nicaragua|Niger| Nigeria|Norway| Pakistan|Panama| Papua New Guinea|Paraguay| Peru|Philippines| Poland|Portugal| Romania|Russian Federation| Rwanda|Saint Kitts and Nevis| Saint Lucia|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines| Sao Tome and Principe|Saudi Arabia| Senegal|Serbia| Seychelles|Sierra Leone| Slovakia|Slovenia| Solomon Islands|Somalia| South Africa|Spain| Sri Lanka|Sudan| Suriname|Swaziland| Sweden|Switzerland| Syrian Arab Republic|Tajikistan| Tanzania, United Republic of|Thailand| Togo|Trinidad and Tobago| Tunisia|Turkey| Turkmenistan|Uganda| Ukraine|United Arab Emirates| United Kingdom|United States| Uruguay|Uzbekistan| Vanuatu|Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of| Vietnam|Yemen| Zambia|Zimbabwe |
food | rice | Arsenicals | Arsenic | Details | Lung Neoplasms | Skin Neoplasms | Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | |
| 29. | Chen Y, et al. (2007). | Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) | The findings indicate an effect of chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water on vascular inflammation that persists over time and also suggest a potential mechanism underlying the association between arsenic exposure and cardiovascular disease. | Arsenic | Subjects with disease:Skin Ulcer | Bangladesh | plasma | urine | water | Arsenic | ICAM1 | VCAM1 | Details | Cardiovascular Diseases | gene expression | |
| 30. | Seow WJ, et al. (2012). | Reducing arsenic exposure increased the odds that an individual with skin lesions would recover or show less severe lesions within 10 years. | diet | Arsenic | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Bangladesh | nail | water, drinking | Arsenic | Details | Skin Diseases | |
| 31. | Gao J, et al. (2011). | Women had a significantly higher methylation capability of arsenic than men. The findings suggested that not only the dose of arsenic exposure but also the arsenic methylation capability have an impact on the individual susceptibility to skin lesions induced by coal arsenic exposure. | sex | Arsenic | Controls for disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Study subjects | China | urine | Arsenates | Arsenicals | arsenite | Cacodylic Acid | monomethylarsonic acid | Details | Skin Diseases | |
| 32. | Argos M, et al. (2011). | Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) | Chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water was associated with increased incidence of skin lesions, even at low levels of arsenic exposure (<100 micrograms per liter) in Bangladesh. Dose-dependent associations were more pronounced in females, but the incidence of skin lesions was greater in males and older individuals | age | sex | Arsenic | Study subjects | Bangladesh | Details | Skin Diseases | ||
| 33. | Islam MR, et al. (2012). | The study suggests an association between higher drinking water arsenic or duration and pulse pressure, but not with hypertension. | Arsenic | Subjects with disease:Keratosis | Subjects with disease:Melanosis | Controls for disease:Skin Diseases | Subjects with disease:Skin Diseases | Study subjects | Bangladesh | water, well | Arsenic | Details | regulation of blood pressure | ||
| 34. | Zablotska LB, et al. (2008). | Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) | Intakes of B-vitamins and antioxidants, at doses greater than the current recommended daily amounts for the country, may reduce the risk of arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh. | age | body mass index | sex | socioeconomic status | Arsenic | Ascorbic Acid | Folic Acid | Pyridoxine | Riboflavin | Vitamin A | Vitamin E | Study subjects | Bangladesh | Details | Skin Ulcer | ||
| 35. | Parvez F, et al. (2008). | The findings suggest that serum CC16 may be a useful biomarker of epithelial lung damage in individuals with arsenical skin lesions. | Arsenic | Creatinine | Controls for disease:Skin Ulcer | Subjects with disease:Skin Ulcer | Study subjects | Bangladesh | urine | water | Arsenic | Creatinine | SCGB1A1 | Details | gene expression | methylation | ||
| 36. | Noonan CW, et al. (2006). | In a case-control study of Libby, Montana (a community with historical occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite), our preliminary findings support the hypothesis that asbestos exposure is associated with systemic autoimmune diseases. | Asbestos | vermiculite | Subjects with disease:Arthritis, Rheumatoid | Controls for disease:Autoimmune Diseases | Subjects with disease:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic | Subjects with disease:Scleroderma, Systemic | United States | Details | Autoimmune Diseases | ||||
| 37. | Freeman LE, et al. (2011). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this report, we extend a previous Agricultural Health Study analysis of cancer risk associated with self-reported atrazine use with six additional years of follow-up and more than twice as many cancer cases. | Atrazine | Workers | United States | Details | Breast Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neoplasms | Ovarian Neoplasms | Prostatic Neoplasms | Thyroid Neoplasms | |||
| 38. | Mordukhovich I, et al. (2015). | Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) | In our population-based study, we observed positive associations between vehicular traffic-related benzo[a]pyrene exposure and breast cancer incidence among women with comparatively high long-term traffic B[a]P exposures, although effect estimates were imprecise. | diet | Benzo(a)pyrene | Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Study subjects | United States | Benzo(a)pyrene | Details | Breast Neoplasms | |
| 39. | Kim EH, et al. (2017). | Our results suggest that exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A is associated with aggravation of atopic dermatitis symptoms in children. | age | bisphenol A | Phthalic Acids | Children | Subjects with disease:Dermatitis, Atopic | Korea, Republic of | urine | bisphenol A glucuronide
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Details | Dermatitis, Atopic | |
| 40. | Soomro MH, et al. (2018). | EDEN | Occurrence of eczema in early childhood may be influenced by prenatal exposure to certain phthalates in boys. | sex | butylbenzyl phthalate
| Dibutyl Phthalate
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| diethyl phthalate
| diisobutyl phthalate
| diisodecyl phthalate
| diisononyl phthalate
| di-n-octyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Children | Pregnant females | France | urine | 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| Dibutyl Phthalate
| diisodecyl phthalate
| diisononyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Details | Eczema |
| 41. | López-Carrillo L, et al. (2010). | We show for the first time that exposure to diethyl phthalate, the parent compound of monoethyl phthalate, may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, whereas exposure to the parent phthalates of monobenzyl phthalate and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate might be negatively associated. | butylbenzyl phthalate
| Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| diethyl phthalate
| diisobutyl phthalate
| di-n-octyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Study subjects | Mexico | urine | 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| butylbenzyl phthalate
| diethyl phthalate
| diisobutyl phthalate
| di-n-octyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2- |
Details | Breast Neoplasms | ||
| 42. | Julin B, et al. (2012). | Swedish Mammography Cohort | In this large population-based prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, estimated dietary cadmium was associated with an increased breast cancer incidence. | Cadmium | Study subjects | Sweden | Cadmium | Details | Breast Neoplasms | ||
| 43. | Gallagher CM, et al. (2010). | Long Island Database Project for Breast Cancer (LIDPBC) | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | We examined the association of breast cancer with urinary cadmium in a case-control sample of women living on Long Island, NY, a region with an especially high rate of breast cancer, and in a representative sample of US women. | Cadmium | Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Study subjects | United States | urine | Cadmium | Details | Breast Neoplasms | |
| 44. | Itoh H, et al. (2014). | Although the present study found no overall association between dietary cadmium intake and breast cancer risk, higher cadmium intake was associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, at least at regular intake levels in Japanese women in the general population. | Cadmium | Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Study subjects | Japan | Cadmium | Details | Breast Neoplasms | |||
| 45. | Satarug S, et al. (2017). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Using a Cadmium-toxicokinetic simulation model, we have found that current tolerable dietary intake guidelines do not contain a safety margin, given that the modeled dietary intake levels exceed the levels associated with kidney damage and many other adverse health outcomes seen in cohorts and cross-sectional studies. | Cadmium | Study subjects | Japan|United States | urine | Details | Breast Neoplasms | Kidney Diseases | Vascular Diseases | ||
| 46. | Vacchi-Suzzi C, et al. (2015). | Diet, Cancer and Health Study | In this study we test the comparability of dietary cadmium, as estimated via the food frequency questionnaire used in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Cohort, and measured urinary cadmium levels, normalized by creatinine, in a cohort of 1,764 Danish post-menopausal women that included never, former and current smokers. | Cadmium | Iron | Zinc | Controls for disease:Breast Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Breast Neoplasms | Study subjects | Denmark | urine | Cadmium | Iron | Zinc | Details | ||
| 47. | Lin YS, et al. (2013). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Cadmium exposure is an important independent risk factor of cancer mortality in older Americans and the risk appears exaggerated in those with inadequate dietary Zinc. | sex | Cadmium | Zinc | Study subjects | United States | urine | Cadmium | Details | Breast Neoplasms | Death | Lung Neoplasms | Neoplasms |
| 48. | Kim HH, et al. (2016). | The present study showed that traffic-related and other pollutants around primary school areas are associated with increased risks of allergic diseases among elementary school students. | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfur Dioxide | Children | Korea, Republic of | air | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Soot | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | Asthma | Dermatitis, Atopic | Rhinitis, Allergic | ||
| 49. | Engel LS, et al. (2017). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | The results from this prospective cohort study suggest that the use of certain organophosphate insecticides, including terbufos, chlorpyrifos, and fonofos, and possibly coumaphos and the organochlorine heptachlor, may be associated with elevated risk of breast cancer. | Chlorpyrifos | Coumaphos | Fonofos | Heptachlor | terbufos | Study subjects | United States | Details | Breast Neoplasms | |||
| 50. | No authors listed. (2005). | This report describes 28 additional cases of hydrogen cyanamide-related illness that occurred during 2002-2004 in Italy; these illnesses suggest that the preventive measures adopted in 2003 to protect agricultural workers are inadequate. | Cyanamide | Pesticides | Workers | Italy | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Cardiovascular Diseases | Eye Diseases | Neurologic Manifestations | Poisoning | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory | Skin Diseases | Skin Manifestations |