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Help: Disease Chemicals

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Chemical–disease associations may be inferred via curated chemical–gene and gene–disease associations. CTD contains curated and inferred chemical–disease associations. Curated chemical–disease associations are extracted from the published literature by CTD curators.

Inferred associations are established via CTD-curated chemical–gene interactions (e.g., chemical A is associated with disease B because chemical A has a curated interaction with gene C, and gene C has a curated association with disease B).

The following data is presented for this disease:

  1. The chemical having a curated or inferred association with the disease (either the subject of this detail page or one of its descendants).
  2. The disease associated with each chemical.
  3. Direct evidence for the chemical–disease association (M marker/mechanism and/or T therapeutic)
  4. The genes on which the inferred association between a chemical and disease are based (i.e., genes that have curated interactions with the chemical and curated associations with the disease).
  5. The score for the inference based on the topology of the network consisting of the chemical, disease and one or more genes used to make the inference (see Inference Score, below).
  6. Link to the source reference(s) for the curated and inferred associations.

Inference Score

The inference score reflects the degree of similarity between CTD chemical–gene–disease networks and a similar scale-free random network. The higher the score, the more likely the inference network has atypical connectivity.

Many biological networks, such as disease and metabolic networks, have been shown to be scale-free random networks.[1] The inference score is calculated as the log-transformed product of two common-neighbor statistics used to assess the functional relationships between proteins in a protein–protein interaction network.[2] The first statistic takes into account the connectivity of the chemical and disease along with the number of genes used to make the inference. The second statistic takes into the account the connectivity of each of the genes used to make the inference.

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Save these data into a comma-separated values (CSV), Excel, XML or tab-separated values (TSV) file by clicking a Save to file link at the bottom of the table.

Top Footnotes

[1]
Barabasi AL, Albert R. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):509-12. [PubMed:10521342]
[2]
Li H, Liang S. Local network topology in human protein interaction data predicts functional association. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 29;4(7):e6410. [PubMed:19641626]
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